The author shows how Biernat of Lublin (1465–1529) describes women from the 16th and 17th century. He wrote only 27 times about women, but always negatively. The writer criticised whoresfor the first time in Polish literature for being greedy and untrue. He created a feminine image which today is an element of stereotype.
PL
Zamierzamy przedstawić, jak Biernat z Lublina (1465–1529) pisze w bajkach (210) o kobietach. Stwierdzamy, że pisze rzadko (27 haseł) i ocenia je negatywnie. Panna to pochodnia ognista, mężatki krytykuje za złości, gadulstwo, zdrady małżeńskie i miłość do męża tylko do pogrzebu. Po raz pierwszy w polszczyźnie krytykuje miłośnice / kurwy za chciwość finansową i fałszywe, słodkiesłowa do młodzieńców, paniców, gamratów.W bajkach ezopowych Biernata mamy więc kontynuację prześmiewczego, złośliwego, krytycznego obrazu niewiasty, co jako stereotyp trwa do dzisiaj.
The article deals with sound values of the Polish language described with the idea of using them in the teaching of Polish. The author compiles a list of onomatopoeic words — nouns, verbs, interjections and idioms — suggesting ideas for exercises to be used in classroom. Teachers are encouraged to use the linguistic material provided, rhymes, puns and linguistic jokes, which are sometimes unintentional. This will enable them to move from “humour from pupils’ notebooks”, betraying the incompetence of not only pupils but also their teachers, to methodical playing with words.
“Pompa funebris” of the 17th century, was not only a coffin portrait but also a mournful text in verse or in prose, including numerous sermons. They were usually printed as separate texts, and only renowned preachers, e.g., P. Skarga, included them in their books. Such texts were criticised for excessively long titles and ornamentality, because the then conceptism has not been taken into account. Conceptism valued the amazement of listeners and readers by means of, for instance, ornamentality of metaphors and very numerous imaginary and surprising allusions to heraldic elements. If we isolate three main parts on the title page, it becomes manifest that it is the title which is visibly ornamental. Also, the part providing exact information about the deceased person surprises us with praises in her/his honour and a complex naming system of positions and offices. Similarly, the information about the authors (apart from the recognized poets) is very detailed and amplifies their positions and titles. We discern in the above a reflection of the writing “fashion”, compliant with the presumptions of Baroque rhetoric and stylistics, but also the conviction of the nobles (magnates), searching for confirmation of their value through superlatives and conspicuous manifestation of wealth and weirdness.
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