The article is an attempt to create a new category in the study of the school, which is school political culture. Theoretical meta-analysis was used. In the first part, the author explains why she asks about school political culture. Based on the assumption that the school is an organisation, it justifies applying the tools of political culture to its study. The school as an organisation is a separate system of activity, with clearly defined goals, a specific division of labour among members of the school community and connectivity between elements with a certain degree of formalisation and hierarchy of power. A comparison of elements of the school’s organisation with the basic elements of the political system is presented. The second part introduces the criteria that the theory of political culture should meet to become a theory that can be applied in school space. A meta-analysis of selected concepts of political culture: Gabriel Almond, Vilfredo Pareto and Zbigniew Blok (based on the developed criteria) allowed the selection of a leading theory. The results of meta-analysis are the subject of the third part of the article. The initial adaptation of the selected theory leading to the school specificity is a contribution to further scientific work on the development of a research tool allowing the classification of school political culture: of individual students, as well as the one dominating in the group.
The article is an attempt to create a new category in the study of the school, which is school political culture. Theoretical meta-analysis was used. In the first part, the author explains why she asks about school political culture. Based on the assumption that the school is an organisation, it justifies applying the tools of political culture to its study. The school as an organisation is a separate system of activity, with clearly defined goals, a specific division of labour among members of the school community and connectivity between elements with a certain degree of formalisation and hierarchy of power. A comparison of elements of the school’s organisation with the basic elements of the political system is presented. The second part introduces the criteria that the theory of political culture should meet to become a theory that can be applied in school space. A meta-analysis of selected concepts of political culture: Gabriel Almond, Vilfredo Pareto and Zbigniew Blok (based on the developed criteria) allowed the selection of a leading theory. The results of meta-analysis are the subject of the third part of the article. The initial adaptation of the selected theory leading to the school specificity is a contribution to further scientific work on the development of a research tool allowing the classification of school political culture: of individual students, as well as the one dominating in the group.
The article analyses three selected theories: the theory of communicative action proposed by Jürgen Habermas, the theory of social learning by Albert Bandura, as well as dramaturgical theory by Erving Goffman. The aim of the analysis was to find one leading theory of the process of acquiring civic competences. The selected theory should meet the set conditions that allow it to be used in school space. Civic competences are understood as a particular subtype of social competences, the acquisition of which is an important element of social development. The scope of the definition of civic competences depends on the theoretical approach adopted. School space is a community made up of students, teachers and parents, who focus on a common goal. This space is also where students’ socialisation takes place. The analysis was carried out on the basis of 5 questions regarding the subject, determinants, mechanism, place in development, and criteria for verifying the process of acquiring civic competences by students in the school space. The answers to the questions listed in the table have become the criteria for the analysis. However, this analysis did not allow for choosing a leading theory. None of the theories has met all the conditions set.
Social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is determined by the opportunity to acquire appropriate social and civic competences. These competences are an essential condition for active participation in social life by each individual. This article discusses the issue of civic competence developed during formal and informal training. The considerations are based on conclusions from the research of social and civic competences conducted in a special vocational school for students with mild intellectual disabilities. The aim of the research was to check the effectiveness of civic competences training. The research population was made up of students taking part in the one-semester project "Young Citizen" and students from the control group not covered by the project. In the exploration, the researchers used Questionnaires of Social and Professional Competences for people with mental disabilities and their carers and also author's interview questionnaire on selected civic competences. The research results show that all respondents have a similar range of basic knowledge about society. Students taking part in the training have broader competences in the fild of civic issues.
PL
Inkluzja społeczna osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jest zdeterminowana możliwością nabywania przez nich odpowiednich kompetencji społecznych i obywatelskich. Kompetencje te są istotnym warunkiem aktywnego udziału jednostki w życiu społecznym. Niniejszy artykuł porusza problematykę kompetencji obywatelskich, rozwijanych podczas formalnego i nieformalnego treningu. Rozważania opierają się na wnioskach z badań kompetencji społecznych i obywatelskich przeprowadzonych w specjalnej szkole zawodowej dla uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim. Celem badań było sprawdzenie efektywności treningu kompetencji obywatelskich w wybranej placówce. Populację badawczą stanowili uczniowie biorący udział w trwającym jeden semestr projekcie Młody Obywatel oraz uczniowie z grupy kontrolnej nieobjętej projektem. W eksploracji wykorzystano Kwestionariusz kompetencji społeczno-zawodowych KKSZ dla ONU i ich opiekunów oraz autorski kwestionariusz wywiadu dotyczący wybranych kompetencji obywatelskich. Wyniki badań pokazują, że wszyscy respondenci posiadają podobny zakres podstawowej wiedzy o społeczeństwie. Pogłębione kompetencje dotyczące problematyki obywatelskiej mają uczniowie biorący udział w treningu.
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