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EN
The paper is concerned with the documentary novel by Svetlana Alexievich which describes one of the biggest technological humanitarian disasters of the 20th century: the catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The attention is focused on the portraiture of the soviet man – of the heroes of the event, who survived the catastrophe but have been left without any help from the institutions and people they had relied on: the government and the country. The book provides the testimony of the witnesses: in this polyphonic form Alexievich lets them speak for themselves. The victims of the disaster have paid the highest price: they have lost everything – their lives, their relatives and hopes for the future.
RU
Статья знакомит с образом советского человека, который выдвигается на первый план в документальном романе белорусской писательницы. Это роман-исповедь, построенный как собрание интервью, в котором С. Алексиевич дает высказаться свидетелям и участникам самой большой техногенной катастрофы ХХ века. В статье затрагивается проблема советского человека, который является героем этих трагических событий, хотя чувствует себя одиноким, забытым и заброшенным в этом героизме людьми, учреждениями, на которых надеялся: властью, государством. В статье излагается вопрос цены, которую пришлось заплатить людям, живущим в так называемой зоне, которые вследствие катастрофы потеряли все: свою жизнь близких и веру в будущее.
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PL
Artykuł stanowi streszczenie pracy magisterskiej poświęconej tematyce zaburzeń żucia i połykania u osób dorosłych. Zawiera opis i wyniki przeprowadzonych przez autorkę badań na grupie 83 osób, w tym 71 podopiecznych zamieszkujących Dom Pomocy Społecznej w Kaliszu, u których rozpoznano różne jednostki chorobowe. Zagadnienie to nie było dotychczas badane w Polsce przez logopedów, a większość dostępnych materiałów dotyczyła rozwoju czynności połykania i żucia u dzieci oraz dysfagii jako objawu towarzyszącego ściśle określonym schorzeniom. Przedstawione badania wpisują się w zakres rozwijającej się gałęzi logopedii – gerontologopedii.
EN
This article is a summary of a thesis devoted to the problem of chewing and swallowing in adults. It contains the description and results of the research conducted by the researcher on a group of 83 people, including 71 people living in the Social Assistance Home in Kalisz, who were diagnosed with different diseases. This issue has not yet been studied in Poland by speech therapists, and most of the available materials concerned dysphagia as a symptom associated with specific conditions and in discussing the development of swallowing and chewing activities in children. The presented research is part of the newly emerging branch of speech therapy – gerontologopedi.  
EN
The article refers to Chernobyl prayer, the documentary prose of Svietlana Alexievich. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the presence of the genres of confession and prayer in the reportage. They are used by the interlocutors, who entrusted the journalist with their accounts of the traumatic experiences in connection with the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986. The author focuses on showing various features of both genres (intimacy, familiarity, discretion) and describes them with the perspective of an average person who unknowingly and instinctively searches in them for answers that medicine and science cannot give. Alexievich’s reportage describes the loneliness of an individual in the face of events that most ignore in silence, while their participants remain helpless and mutilated for life.
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