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Cybertariat – prawo pracy a nowe formy zatrudnienia w ramach ekonomii współpracy

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Skowron R.

Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny

2019

issue 4

153-173

The article delves into disturbing questions that arise in attempting to apply traditional employment and labour law to crowdsourcing, an emerging online labour model unlike any other so far. The author describes how crowdsourcing works, its advantages as well as perils, and indicates why workers of such industry are denied the safeguards of employment laws without proper recourse to vindicate their rights. The article explores the nature of this new and atypical employment relationship in order to determine the legal status of the digital workers and then claims that new legal tools, namely the special law for crowd workers, the notion of functional employer and the revival of putting-out system, may be applied to such employment.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zatrudnienia za pośrednictwem platform działających w ramach nowego modelu biznesowego, określanego jako platform economy, gig economy, on-demand economy czy sharing economy, oraz wskazanie, że nigdy dotąd prawo pracy nie musiało zmierzyć się z zatrudnieniem w takich niepokojących warunkach. Autor opisuje cechy pracy w systemie crowdsourcing, jej zalety i wady, oraz wskazuje, dlaczego osoby świadczące usługi za pośrednictwem platform nie są chronione prawem pracy. Artykuł rekomenduje dostosowanie środowiska prawnego do takich nowych, cyfrowych form zatrudnienia poprzez wybrane formy: specustawę dla cybertariatu, pojęcie pracodawcy funkcjonalnego oraz renesans umowy o pracę nakładczą.

Arbitration in employment disputes - de lege ferenda comments 15 years after arbitration clauses in employment relations were introduced in the civil procedure

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Skowron R.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

2020

vol. 31

issue 3

95-106

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the existing model of employment arbitration in Poland in force since 2005. According to Article 1164 of the Code of Civil Procedure, arbitra¬tion clauses in employment disputes can only be established once a dispute has already arisen. In reality, this post-dispute voluntary regulation has no practical value and employment ar- bitration is an instrument used extremely rarely in Poland. On the basis of examination of applicable laws, the author shows that in given factual and legal circumstances a reasonable employee and a reasonable employer shall seldom have a cause to simultaneously agree to arbitrate an already existing dispute. By applying the com- parative method at the same time, the paper examines possible criteria of distinguishing categories of disputes, agreements, persons and other conditions that would permit a valid arbitration clause in employment agreements. In conclusion, the author demonstrates that, firstly, the existing voluntary post-dispute employment arbitration model in Poland is a fictitious one and requires reform and, sec- ondly, that both a full elimination of arbitration clauses in employment agreements and a full arbitration clause for all future disputes are too blunt a tool not taking into account the real needs and requirements of today’s employees and employers. The author calls for a more nu- anced regulation of employment arbitration in Poland.

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1 Acta Iuris Stetinensis

1 Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny

2 Skowron R.

1 2020

1 2019

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Cybertariat – prawo pracy a nowe formy zatrudnienia w ramach ekonomii współpracy

Arbitration in employment disputes - de lege ferenda comments 15 years after arbitration clauses in employment relations were introduced in the civil procedure