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Konkurencyjność polskiej gospodarki i jej perspektywy na tle strefy euro

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Studia BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(59)
131-151
EN
The aim of the paper is to present a forecast of the competitiveness of the Polish economy depending on whether or not Poland will adopt the euro. An assessment focuses on a comparative analysis of price and cost competitiveness and structural competitiveness of Poland and two groups of Central and East Europe countries: those which joined the eurozone and those which kept the national currencies. The author concludes that in both scenarios competitiveness of Polish economy will remain at the same level against the eurozone as it was in the period after 2010.
2
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Statistics and ethics

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 8
71-78
EN
The article concerns ethical rules compiled by both public statistics and users of public statistics. Ethical rules in statistics are partly codified in the European Statistics Code of Practice published by Eurostat, the statistical bureau of the European Union. The implementation of this code is subject to periodical reviews. The second part of the paper deals with various manipulations of statistical data performed by their users. The thesis of the paper states that if non-ethical practices appear, either in public statistics or in manipulations by users, they are relatively quickly denounced. This thesis is supported by some empirical facts.
3
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Etyczne aspekty zróżnicowania dochodów

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 3
75-85
EN
Personal income differentiation (inequality) is widely observed. Various historical and cultural factors are responsible for this phenomenon. In the longer run, these factors lead to a log-normal distribution of income with country-specific parameters. Ethical aspects of income differentiation are discussed in this paper. The starting point for the discussion is a diagnosis of income differentiation in Poland and European Union countries based on statistical data. Another discussed issue is ethical dilemmas resulting from income inequalities. Special attention is paid to the relationship between income differentiation and economic growth. The ethical aspects of the ratio between lower and upper income in corporations are also discussed. The conclusion is that income differentiation and its change may influence economic growth in different ways. Extremely high income differentiation may lead to negative effects and is ethically doubtful.
4
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Wysoka cena prawdy w statystyce

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2021
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vol. 66
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issue 1
49-56
EN
One can expect that totalitarian and authoritarian regimes will infringe the independence of national statistical institutions. The outcome of the 1937 census in Soviet Russia disappointed Stalin, which led to the statisticians having been faced with repression. Similar cases, although very rare, can also be observed in democratic countries in the 21st century. Argentinian president's ineffective pressure to lower the inflation rate resulted in criminal charges against the person responsible for estimating the inflation rate in the Argentinian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC). In 2018, the head of the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) was prosecuted for sending true macroeconomic data that revealed the causes of the crisis in Greece to the Eurostat. The article shows what price statisticians have to pay sometimes for their diligent work which accurately reflects the economic and social reality. It has to be remembered that the work of statisticians is a civil service, where ethical attitude plays an important role. The aim of the article is thus to present instances of repression of statisticians by certain countries' state authorities for showing the real picture of the social or economic situation of a given country.
PL
Naruszania niezależności urzędów statystycznych można się spodziewać ze strony reżimów totalitarnych i autorytarnych. Wyniki spisu ludności w ZSRR przeprowadzonego w 1937 r. rozczarowały Stalina, co pociągnęło za sobą represje wobec statystyków. Podobne, choć bardzo rzadkie przypadki zdarzają się jednak także w krajach demokratycznych w XXI w. Nieskuteczne naciski prezydenta Argentyny na obniżanie przez statystyków stopy inflacji skoń-czyły się procesem wobec osoby zajmującej się szacowaniem inflacji w urzędzie statystycznym INDEC. Prezes greckiego urzędu statystycznego ELSTAT został w 2018 r. skazany za przekazanie do Eurostatu prawdziwych danych makroekonomicznych wskazujących na przyczyny kryzysu w tym kraju. Artykuł pokazuje, jak wysoką cenę mogą płacić statystycy za profesjonalną pracę ukazującą prawdę o rzeczywistości gospodarczej i społecznej. Trzeba pamiętać, że praca statystyka jest służbą publiczną, w której wielkie znaczenie ma postawa etyczna. Celem artykułu jest opisanie przypadków stosowania szykan wobec statystyków przez władze państwowe niektórych krajów za przedstawianie zgodnego z prawdą obrazu rzeczywistości społecznej lub gospodarczej.
5
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Do we measure shadow economy correctly?

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 3
63-73
PL
Rozważania zawarte w artykule dotyczą podejścia krajowych urzędów statystycznych do szacowanych w rachunkach narodowych rozmiarów szarej strefy gospodarczej jako składnika PKB w świetle szybkich zmian w globalnej gospodarce. Kryteriami, jakimi należy się kierować przy zaliczaniu działalności gospodarczych do szarej strefy, są: tworzenie wartości dodanej i jej rynkowa wycena. Poruszono problemy metodologiczne, takie jak granice produkcji czy działalność legalna i nielegalna w ramach szarej strefy gospodarczej. Oficjalne szacunki szarej strefy gospodarczej porównano z szacunkami ośrodków niezależnych. Dla badaczy szarej strefy, także z innych dyscyplin naukowych niż ekonomia, punktem odniesienia powinny być oficjalne szacunki rozmiarów szarej strefy. Zamieszanie wokół szacunków rozmiarów szarej strefy mogłoby zmaleć w wyniku postępu w opracowywaniu teorii zjawiska szarej strefy gospodarczej.
EN
This article aims at presenting the approach of national statistical institutes to the issue of the size of the shadow economy estimated in national accounts as a GDP component in the light of rapid changes in the global economy. The creation of value added and its market pricing are considered as criteria for inclusion activities to the shadow economy. Methodological problems like production boundaries, legal and illegal shadow economy activities were raised. Official statistics on the shadow economy were confronted with independent estimates. It is argued that the official estimates of the shadow economy should serve as the benchmark for experts from different disciplines of sciences interested in this phenomenon. The more elaborated economic theory of the shadow economy could diminish confusion over estimates of the shadow economy.
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Etyka w ekonomicznych badaniach naukowych

100%
Wyżnikiewicz B.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 2
15-21
EN
The paper summarizes the author’s experience of conducting economic scientific research. Economic scientific research is understood as both an analysis of economic phenomena and research purchased on the market of research services. The former are not subject to ethical dilemmas. It is a professional approach backed by sound economic theory that is important. The latter, regardless of who purchases research services, pose a risk of ethical dilemmas and conflicts of interest. The area of potential risk is connected to expectations of organizations purchasing research services. In most cases organizations are interested to receive objective assessments or recommendation necessary to take decisions. Ethical conflict appears when the destination of research is lobbing or a company’s image creation. The results of research may be used as an instrument of competition. It is thus vital that a research organization should judge the ethical dimension of undertaken research tasks. Research projects being socially beneficial should be definitely undertaken. In controversial cases, the conviction of the rightfulness in the ethical dimension ought to be decisive. In all cases the principal rule should be aiming at achieving scientifically objective assessments and opinions.
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