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EN
The work presented by Jacques Bres, Aleksandra Nowakowska and Jean-Marc Sarale entitled Petite grammaire alphabétique du dialogisme, published in 2019 by Éditions Classiques Garnier, is in line with so-called praxematic research. The praxematics developed in France in the end of the 1970s following a critical analysis of structuralist approaches. Inspired by enunciative research applauded in France, she questioned the fundamental Saussurian dichotomies: langue/parole (language / speech), signifié/signifiant (signifier / signified), synchronie/diachronie (synchrony / diachrony), as well as the principle of language autonomy in relation to its conditions of production. Praxematic research focuses on meaning understood as a conflicting, historical and dynamic social production leading to conceptual shifts. La Petite grammaire... has a clear, operative and convenient alphabetical presentation. The publication fills a gap in the field of discourse analysis, offering a reference tool in research which is, by the nature of things, very large and heterogeneous. In addition, while the concept of “dialogism” has been very popular in different disciplines for years, it is for the first time, in the presented publication of the PRAXILING laboratory, when its functioning is analysed in linguistic details.
EN
Our study deals with relatively short statements embedded in semiotically complex digital messages, both pictorial and verbal, which are created and exchanged by Internet users thanks to on-line generators. These messages are called internet memes (IM). We treat them as a new kind of on-line speech (determined by the so-called participatory web 2.0 digital medium), semiotically heterogeneous (both graphic and verbal in nature), putting into circulation comments on events and especially on the political word (slogans, catchphrases, slip of the tongue). These IM are subject to various verbo-graphic mutations. IM are thus endowed with a content that takes the form of a micro-political commentary, lapidary, playful and carnivalesque (Bakhtine 1970), characterised by a form of argumentation that can be said peripheral, because it refers more to the political person than to the political issues themselves (Gauthier 1992 et 1995, Amossy 1999, Perelman and Olbrecht-Tyteca 1970). IM are peripheral micro-argumentation acts of descriptive character, the impact of which is cumulative. In our study, we show that the funny side of the memes is a complex verbo-pictorial strategy centred on big political actors and based on the ad hominem arguments.
FR
At the crossroads of the approaches of reported speech : about the French and Polish theorising of reported speech This study presents the theoretical framework of a research project which, in a comparative perspective, deals with the linguistic and discursive question of reported speech in the Polish and French print media. The objective of this contribution is to discuss the fundamental theoretical points of this project, which are related firstly to the comparative approach, and secondly to the theorising of reported speech in grammars and linguistic studies, in order to show the differences in the treatment of reported speech in the French and Polish research.
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