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1

KRČMÁR, UPÍR, PARAZIT. PREMENY OBRAZU ŽIDA V TVORBE FRANTIŠKA ŠVANTNERA ZO ŠTYRIDSIATYCH ROKOV 20. STOROČIA

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Szabó M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 4
331 – 344
EN
The goal of the paper is to stimulate discussion about literary antisemitism in modern Slovak literature exemplified by one of its most notable writers, František Švantner (1912 – 1950). In line with the research trends in the Czech and German contexts, it draws attention to interconnections between literature and other discourses at that time, and the ambivalent nature of depicting Jews in literature, where negative stereotypes are combined with seemingly positive ones (literary „allosemitism“). The analysis of two selected novels and one novella reveals a modernized stereotype of the „Jewish usurer“, which was present in Slovak literature from the early 19th century. Under the influence of the racist discourse the usurer stereotype was transformed into the parasite stereotype using the symbol of blood as the central metaphor. In the novel Nevesta hôľ / The Bride of the Ridge Švantner suggests the variant of vampirism, which is further developed in the novel Život bez konca / Life without an End in the sense of „racial impregnation“, i.e. infection and contagion. In the novella Sedliak / The Peasant thematizing his personal experience with persecution of Jews during the World War II, the ambivalent nature of literary antisemitism is referred to by questioning the victim status of the literary character, who he again portrayed by conforming to the parasite stereotype.
2

MLČAL PÁPEŽ PIUS XII. O HOLOKAUSTE? POSUN V HISTORICKOM VÝSKUME PO OTVORENÍ VATIKÁNSKYCH ARCHÍVOV

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Szabó M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2023
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vol. 27
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issue 2
598 - 609
EN
The article discusses the state of art concerning the explanations of attitude and reactions of Pope Pius II and the Vatican to the persecution and Holocaust of the Jews during the Second World War. In addition to references to the literature available in Czech and Slovak translations, it emphasizes the latest international research results after the opening of the Vatican archives in spring 2020. The focus of these revisions is primarily on the reconstruction of events during 1942, when more and more information about the genocide of the Jews on the Eastern Front and in the occupied Polish territories reached the Vatican. Recent archival discoveries show that the editors of the official edition of the historical documents have been selective and have not included important sources that show the contradictory reactions of some papal officials. The dispute between defenders and critics of Pius XII over whether his “silence” was due to diplomatic efforts to save the Jews or to inhibitions stemming from power calculations or even traditional prejudices must therefore be considered in a new context. Recent research has also clarified the ethical dimension of the Pope’s dilemma to confine him to diplomatic efforts or to come out in open protest, thus rehabilitating to some extent the literary impetus of these now more than half-century-long controversies, which was Rolf Hochhuth’s play The Deputy (1963).
3

„KLÉROFAŠIZMUS“? KATOLICIZMUS A RADIKÁLNA PRAVICA V STREDOEURÓPSKOM KONTEXTE (1918 - 1945)

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Szabó M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 4
675 – 687
EN
The study deals with the somewhat controversial issue of the so-called “clerical fascism”. For this purpose, it summarizes the recent historiographical debates on totalitarianism, in particular on “political religions” or rather politicization of religions in the 20th century. The special emphasis is laid on individual clerics who sympathized and collaborated with fascist regimes in Nazi Germany and the Slovak state, respectively. In applying Roger Griffin’s and Thomas Forstner’s typology, two types of attitudes to fascism and National Socialism are discussed: loyalty and active collaboration.
4

“FOR GOD AND NATION”CATHOLICISM AND THE FAR-RIGHT IN THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN CONTEXT (1918–1945)

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Szabó M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 5
885 - 900
EN
The study deals with the somewhat controversial issue of the so-called “clerical fascism”. For this purpose, it summarizes the recent historic-graphical debates on totalitarianism, in particular on “political religions” or rather politicization of religions in the 20th century. The special emphasis is laid on individual clerics who sympathized and collaborated with fascist regimes in Nazi Germany and the Slovak state, respectively. In applying Roger Griffin’s and Thomas Forstner’s typology, two types of attitudes to fascism and National Socialism are discussed: loyalty and active collaboration.
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