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Slábne v ČR mezigenerační přenos rozvodu?

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Trávníčková M., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2021
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vol. 57
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issue 5
531-555
EN
This study investigates changes in the effect of parental divorce on the odds of union dissolution in children in the Czech Republic. Using survival analysis and Czech GGS data, it shows that the intergeneration transmission of divorce varied over marital cohorts to a significant degree. While parental divorce had insignificant effect in the oldest marriage cohort, it subsequently grew. In the 1980–1989 marriage cohort, the risk of divorce was 3.7 times higher among children of divorced parents than among children whose parents did not divorce. In the most recent marriage cohort (1990–2005), the parental divorce effect weakened but was still significant: children of divorced parents experienced a divorce risk that was twice as high that of children from intact families. This convergence of divorce risks resulted from two parallel trends: the rising divorce risk among children from non-divorced families and the declining divorce risk among children of divorce.
2
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Práce z domova, konflikty mezi prací a rodinou a kvalita partnerství v době pandemie covidu-19

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Sladká D., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2022
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vol. 58
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issue 4
373-399
EN
During the Covid-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic, there was a sharp increase in the share of people working from home. It is predicted that working from home will continue to be a common form of work after the crisis. In this article, we investigate whether and how working frequently from home during the pandemic was associated with work–family conflict and how the strength of the association varied between different groups of people depending on gender, education, employment, and the presence of children in the household. We also examine what connection existed between role conflicts and the quality of a partnership. To answer these questions we analysed data from the ‘Czech GGS Covid Pilot Study’ from December 2020 and found that working frequently from home was associated with more frequent work–family conflict. Respondents experienced more problems performing their family role (e.g. they were too tired to do housework) than their role as an employee. As the intensity of work from home increased, however, respondents tended to report more frequent problems performing their role as an employee (e.g. family responsibilities made it difficult for them to concentrate on work). The association between working from home and work–family conflict differed significantly depending on the gender and the presence of children in the household. For men and parents of children under the age of 15, working from home was more significantly associated with work–family conflict. People who often experienced work–family conflict also more often considered breaking up with their partner. Working from home thus became a significant stressor for family life during the pandemics.
3
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Stabilita koresidenčních partnerství po narození prvního dítěte: zesílil po roce 1989 "ochranný efekt manželství"?

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Trávníčková M., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2023
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vol. 59
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issue 1
3-30
EN
This article investigates the stability of co-residential partnerships after first birth in the Czech Republic. It explores the ‘marriage premium’, which refers to the advantage that children born to married parents have in comparison to other parental arrangements, and also highlights change in the ‘marriage premium’ after 1989. The analysis also examines the effect of marriage timing: Does the marriage premium differ between pre-birth and post-birth marriages? Did the effect of timing also change after 1989? The analysis is based on Czech GGS (Generations and Gender Survey) data from 2005. Direct marriages are the most stable unions, cohabitations are the least stable. Among couples who were not married, the odds of dissolution increased by 142 per cent (in comparison to marriages without pre-marital cohabitation). This ‘marriage premium’ increased after 1989. Marriage timing has come to play an increasingly important role. In the pre-1989 marriage cohort, pre-birth and post-birth marriage had the same stabilising effect. After 1989, however, pre-delivery wedding stabilises unions more than post-delivery legitimising marriages. We conclude that the era of highly individualised partnership choices has clearly shone a light on the consequences of these choices for subsequent union stability.
4
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Mobilita mezi zaměstnaností a nezaměstnaností u starších pracovníků v ČR

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Železná L., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 4
503-533
EN
There is a sharp discrepancy between the emphasis being placed on active ageing and labour market participation in older age and the high unemployment rates observed among older workers. Cross-sectional data in the Czech Republic consistently present evidence of job insecurity and employment vulnerability in older age groups. Aggregated data and statistical indices do not, however, offer a sufficiently detailed picture of the social processes (e.g. exit from the labour market, duration of unemployment, and exit from unemployment) behind the numbers. This article takes a dynamic look at the position of older workers in the labour market by investigating transitions between employment and unemployment using a sub-sample of older workers (50 year and over) from the Czech EU-SILC, who were interviewed repeatedly in a panel survey between 2004 and 2009. The authors use survival analysis methods to study the time-dependence of transitions into and out of unemployment and both with and without covariates. The results suggest that older workers are not at a higher risk of exiting the labour market (compared to other age groups), but once they are unemployed, their odds of getting back into employment are significantly lower. Even when controls (such as education level) are included in the model this disadvantage persists. Interestingly, while education generally protects people from labour market exit, this protective effect is weaker among older workers.
5
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Partnerské dráhy prvorodiček bez partnera ve společné domácnosti

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Morávková H., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2017
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vol. 53
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issue 4
565-591
EN
We investigate partnership transitions of mothers who had no coresidential partner at the time of birth of their first child (‘solo mothers’). Using retrospective partnership and co-residence histories from the Czech 2005 GGS, we investigate mothers’ entry into the first subsequent co-residential partnership using event history methods. We test several hypotheses derived from the individualisation theory. While approximately one half of ‘solo mothers’ had no co-residential partner at the time they had their first child, almost 50% of them did enter a co-residential partnership subsequently. The probability of transitioning into a co-residential partnership increased over cohorts. Whereas about 25% of solo mothers from the oldest cohort (first child born before entered a co-residential partnership with the 20 years after having their first child, in the youngest cohort the figure was almost two-thirds. The highest odds are among very young solo mothers. Well-educated solo mothers are more likely to remain without a co-residential partner and the effect of education increases over cohorts, perhaps reflecting their growing ability and willingness to remain solo.
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