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A contribution from the conference 'The Second Avant-garde' (part of the grant-funded project 'The Myths, Language, and Taboos of the Czech Post-Avant-garde from the Forties to the Sixties'), which was held on 23 October 2007. The article focuses on Prolegomena poezie (Prolegomena to poetry, 1951), a collection of verse by Zbynek Havlicek (1922-1969), arguing that he was a conscious continuator of the Avant-garde, which in the 1950s objected to the sanctioned trend in art. After the article puts the collection in the context of the times, it considers several essential features of the collection - the bonding of a theoretical text and verse, where 'each poem is also an interpretation'; stream of consciousness (where the article points to the fact that in his verse Havlicek perceives consciousness as a 'paralytic system'); and subjectivity (where the article points out that, unlike most verse of the period, 'emotional tension' is the chief subject of the poet's work.
EN
This study attempts to observe the influence of the aristocracy on the formation of the confessional state of affairs in Bohemia and Moravia in the 16th and 17th centuries. It primarily focuses on the confessional policy of the nobility as manorial lords who were able to intervene actively and regularly in religious affairs on their estates; indeed, well over fifty per cent of the serfs in both Crown Lands lived on manorial estates. In addition to the authorities who practised religious tolerance towards their serfs (Josef Valka), other noblemen and knights actively upheld either the Reformation or the Counter-Reformation (Catholic confessionalism). In terms of the confessional policy of the manorial nobility, this study attempts to present - as a theme for discussion - the seven opportunities the nobility had at their disposal and could apply when influencing their serfs' religious practices.
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