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THE 1982 CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA AND THE SAN REMO MANUAL RELATING TO ARMED CONFLICTS AT SEA (Konwencja o prawie morza z 1982r. w sformulowaniach Podrecznika San Remo stosowanego w konfliktach zbrijnych na morzu)

100%
Makowski A.
Prawo Morskie
|
2009
|
vol. 25
167-181
EN
The San Remo Manual is not a legal document. It was prepared by a group of experts in the area of naval conflict who took part in a series of round-table meetings between 1988 and 1994. The San Remo Manual is the modern equivalent of the Oxford Manual of the Laws of Naval War (1913) which regulated the relations between hostile forces. The San Remo Manual takes account of international practice, technological development, the content of the UN Charter, the Convention on the Law of the sea (1982), law relating to air traffic, and environmental law. The author of the article discusses the content of the Convention on the law of the Sea from 1982 in relation to the formulations in the San Remo Manual. Since 1995, the San Remo Manual has been obligatory material for training and instruction in the navies of NATO states. It has not yet been translated into Polish.
2
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Misje miasta jako narzędzie ewangelizacji na peryferiach

100%
Makowski A.
Polonia Sacra
|
2018
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1(50)
97-114
PL
Cała działalność Kościoła powinna być podporządkowana ewangelizacji (EN 14). Współczesny kontekst społeczny i  kulturowy przynagla wspólnotę Kościoła do ciągłego poszukiwania nowych sposobów dotarcia z Ewangelią do współczesnego człowieka. Papież Franciszek podkreśla ukierunkowanie misyjne Kościoła wraz ze wszystkimi jego strukturami (EG 27). W misyjną opcję papieską wpisują się misje miasta jako jedna z najnowszych form misji ludowych. Stosują one rozmaitość metod głoszenia Ewangelii w celu dotarcia do jak najszerszego grona. W sposób szczególny chcą objąć swoim zasięgiem ludzi zamieszkałych na peryferiach wielkich aglomeracji miejskich. Stąd też w programie misyjnym możemy odnaleźć wielość propozycji wydarzeń kulturalno-religijnych.
EN
The whole Church activity should be subordinated to evangelization (EN 14). The contemporary social and cultural context urges Church community to continually seek new ways of reaching the gospel to the modern people. Pope Francis emphasizes the missionary orientation of the Church and all its structures (EG 27). The City Missions are part of  the papal missions and count as  one of  the newest forms of popular missions. They use a variety of methods of preaching the Gospel in order to reach the widest possible audience. In particular, they want to reach people living on the outskirts of large urban agglomerations. Hence, in the missionary program we can find a multitude of proposals for cultural and religious events.
3
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Ewangelizujący Kościół w drodze – nowe formy misji ludowych w Polsce

100%
Makowski A.
Studia Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskie
|
2020
|
issue 27
241-255
PL
Dzieło głoszenia Ewangelii należy uznać za łaskę i właściwe powołanie Kościoła. Misja Kościoła wypływa bezpośrednio z nakazu misyjnego Chrystusa (Mt 28,19). To zadanie ewangelizacyjne stanowi zasadniczą misję Kościoła i jego tożsamość. Papież Franciszek w adhortacji apostolskiej Evangelii gaudium podkreśla, że autentyczny Kościół działa „w kluczu misyjnym” (EG, nr 25). Z perspektywy Evangelii gaudium Kościół ewangelizujący to Kościół wychodzący poza mury świątyni i docierający do ludzi. Taką postawę przyjmują niektóre formy współczesnych misji ludowych, które pojawiły się w przestrzeni duszpasterskiej Kościoła w Polsce. Należą do nich misje ewangelizacyjne, misje odnowy parafii, ewangelizacja wioskowa czy misja Talitha Kum.
EN
The work of preaching the Gospel should be considered as a grace and a proper calling of the Church. The mission of the Church derives directly from Christ’s missionary command (Mt 28:19). This evangelizing task is the essential mission of the Church and her identity. In the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, Pope Francis emphasizes that the authentic Church works “in the mission key” (EG, No. 25). From the perspective of Evangelii gaudium, an evangelizing Church is a Church that goes beyond the walls of the temple and reaches people. This attitude is adopted by some forms of contemporary popular missions that have appeared in the pastoral space of the Church in Poland. These include evangelization missions, parish renewal missions, village evangelization, and the Talitha Kum mission.
4

Żegluga bydgoska - możliwości i perspektywy

100%
Makowski A.
Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Toruniu
|
2014
|
issue 13
429-441
XX
The article examines the possibilities of business development Żegluga Bydgoska Company in the context of the existing network of inland waterways in Poland and in the area of the current activities of the company. The article also analyses plans to expand the network of waterways within the framework of the European Union, as well as the conclusions of the report of the Supreme Chamber of Control on the assessment of the status of inland waterways in Poland in 2013. The author believes that without the expansion of the network of inland waterways in Poland the possibility of the company will continue to be limited, however, it should be considered to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the business under the OT Logistics (transportation to and within Western Europe), as well as services in support of Bydgoszcz agglomeration. The development of the company would be a positive impulse of the kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship/Province, in particular for the creation of new jobs, this applies particularly to activation of the Lower Valley of the Vistula River and construction of the multimodal Terminal in Solec Kujawski.
5

THE LAW OF NEUTRALITY AT SEA. THE BALTIC SEA 1939 (Neutralnosc w wojnie na morzu. Morze Baltyckie, rok 1939)

100%
Makowski A.
Międzynarodowe Prawo Humanitarne
|
2010
|
vol. 1
195-203
EN
The law of neutrality defines the legal relationship between nations engaged in international armed conflicts (belligerents) and nations not taking part in such hostilities (neutrals). The law of neutrality serves to localize a war, to limit the conduct of a war on the sea and to lessen the impact of a conflict on international commerce. As a general rule of international law, all acts of hostility in a neutral territory, including neutral lands, waters and air space are prohibited. However, under XIII Hague Convention of 1907 belligerent warships may visit neutral ports and roadsteads that the neutral nation opens to them and remain not longer than 24-hours. Belligerent warships may be permitted to extend their stay on account of adverse of weather conditions or damage involving seaworthiness. At the beginning of the German aggression on Poland in 1939 the Polish submarine ORP 'Orzel' visited the port of Tallinn in neutral Estonia. At the insistence of Germany, the Estonian military authorities under the Declaration for the Purpose of establishing Similar Rules of Neutrality (Signed at Stockholm, May 27th, 1938 Between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) boarded the ship and interned the crew. On 17/18 September, the submarine's Estonian guards were overpowered and the 'Orzel' escaped.
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