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PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych dwukrotnie w 2008 i 2009 roku wśród rolników prowadzących gospodarstwa ekologiczne na Dolnym Śląsku oraz w dziewięciu losowo wybranych województwach w innych regionach. Zidentyfikowano istotne czynniki stanowiące szanse rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego, takie jak opłacalność produkcji, rosnące możliwości sprzedaży, możliwość uzyskiwania dotacji UE i korzystne przewidywania rolników odnośnie przyszłych zmian popytu w Polsce. Po stronie barier zwrócono uwagę na wysokie koszty produkcji, trudności związane z biurokratycznymi procedurami administracyjnymi oraz niewystarczające możliwości dotarcia do konsumentów, wynikające ze słabo rozwiniętego systemu dystrybucji. Stwierdzono, że po stronie podaży istnieją korzystne perspektywy rozwoju rynku żywności ekologicznej, jednak należałoby usprawnić politykę wsparcia producentów poprzez podniesienie stawek dotacji, uproszczenie wymogów proceduralno-administracyjnych oraz stymulowanie rozwoju systemu dystrybucji.
EN
The paper contains the analysis of an introductory survey results carried out among organic farmers in Lower Silesia and in nine randomly selected voivodeships outside the region in 2008 and 2009. Thanks to the research, the key factors influencing organic farming were identified. It was revealed that there were such opportunities for organic food market as production profitability, potential growth of sales, EU agri-environmental subsidies and farmers’ optimistic predictions of demand growth. The barriers for organic farming development are high production costs, difficulties connected with bureaucratic procedures as well as the underdeveloped distribution system. It was stated that on the supply side there were meaningful opportunities of further development of organic food market but it was conditioned by an intensification of public measures connected with the institutional and financial support such as increasing of the subsidies, simplification of administrative procedures and stimulation of distribution system development.
EN
Biodiversity conservation is an important element of EU environmental policy and it influences certain instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy (agri-environmental programmes, cross–compliance rules, organic farming support). These play an increasingly important role in this policy. However, in some Member States they are insufficiently directed to nature conservation. Direct payments affect an increase in threats to biological diversity, although this impact was restricted in the course of the CAP reform (implementation of a regional system combined with crosscompliance rules). Moreover, the withdrawal or significant reduction of the instrument would result in even greater losses. Low effectiveness of existing activities contributes to the continuous degradation of biological diversity in European rural areas: the specialized payments for farmers in the Natura 2000 network are implemented to a limited extent, specialised support directed for High Nature Values (HNV) farming has not yet been introduced in practice, execution of cross-compliance rules was insufficient. In years 2014-2020 nature conservation within the CAP will grow in importance and it will implicate improvement of the effectiveness of actions implemented in the Member States.
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