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Copies of labour contracts in Roman and Late Antique Egypt: Institutions and society

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Freu C.

The Journal of Juristic Papyrology

2018

issue 48

103-140

The article explores changes in writing and copying labour contracts from the first centuries of the Roman rule in Egypt to Late Antiquity. During the first centuries, some labour contracts – antichretic loans and wet nurses contracts – were notarial documents registered in public archives and copied at least twice. Labour contracts written in chirographic form, whose number grew from the second century on, were not necessarily registered, in which case the parties had to choose whether they wanted to make a second private copy. In Late Antiquity, chirographs drafted by private scribes and authenticated by notaries (ταβελλίωνες) were the norm; in the Oxyrhynchite nome, a reform obliged the scribes to notify whether the text was copied once or more. This new habit allows us to see that only work contracts relat- ed to liturgies (fiscal collection, and public postal or transport duties) were copied twice, as was already the norm in the Oxyrhynchites in the third century. All other private work agreements and antichretic loans were issued only once, to the benefit of the employer/creditor.

Vignes d’Égypte: Extension et exploitation des vignobles sous l’Empire romain. Retour sur les contrats de μίσθωσις τῶν ἔργων

100%

Freu C.

The Journal of Juristic Papyrology

2015

issue 45

65-91

This paper proposes to re-examine a type of contract from Roman Egypt,called μίσθωσις τῶν ἔργων, ‘lease of work’, which was used to lease vineyard workers for at least one year. These contracts and their classification have been discussed by scholars, particularly Andrea Jördens, who listed eleven documents of this type in 1990. This paper proposes a new classification including some documents that were not previously considered to be μίσθωσις τῶν ἔργων, notably a contract written very early in the Empire and another one from the Hermopolitan nome in the sixth century. This new classification is helpful for understanding the reason why such work contracts were used instead of lease contracts for vineyards. However difficult it is to evaluate the respective importance of each contractual type, it appears that both were used concurrently in various nomes during all of the Roman period, each one serving different purposes. It appears that the μ􏰆σθωσι􏰀 τ􏰂ν 􏰃ργων con- tract was used exclusively by the urban elite to create vineyards or to renew ancient ones that were not productive enough. Lastly, this contract seems to have been used even at the beginning of the sixth century , contrary to what Todd Hickey and Andrea Jördens argued: therefore, the reorganisation of labour on Byzantine estates is perhaps to be reconsidered.

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Copies of labour contracts in Roman and Late Antique Egypt: Institutions and society

Vignes d’Égypte: Extension et exploitation des vignobles sous l’Empire romain. Retour sur les contrats de μίσθωσις τῶν ἔργων