The method, scope and practical ways of the ex ecution of complex conservation works covering entire complexes of old buildings provide /the subject-matter of discussions going on amongst conservators for a few years already. Restoration works on the о Id-town diistrdct of Zamość, initiated in the sixties and still continued, are a true illustration of the evolution of conservators’ views and the accompanying socio-economic situation of the state and its housing policy. The article offers a general summary of the conclusions of detailed research work on the analysis of present methods of the realization of restoration tasks, made on the basis of materials illustrating all stages of conservation works carried out between 1971 and 1980 on the so-called block XIX at Zamość. All conservation operations were shown with regard to individual elements of historic structures and problems connected with their functional management and modernization. The method and scope of conservation, research and design works adopted for bleak XIX at Zamość and prepared on the basis of experience gained during the realization of similar tasiks in other towns, were appraised positively. However, a minute study of mutual relations and dependencies between successive links of the process of research, design and implementation works revealed a number of shortcomings in the method of carrying out renewal works. Numerous faults were noticed in the system of working out and implementing conduisions and conservation guide-lines. There could also be seen a lack of a uniform line of conservation procedure possible for putting at into life. The incompleteness of preliminary research work on the structure (both in conservation and technical aspects). not taking into account ail problems of conservation and technology as well as a general character of some of the formulations are the main causes of various contradictions and inconsistencies in conservators’ instructions for designers and executors. The analysis of works on block XIX displayed also shortcomings in the functioning system of conservation supervision. The main stress put by conservators on elements of decor and outside architectural form of the structures resulted in an unsatisfactory care for the preservation of the genuine building structure. Despite a lack of sufficient materials documentating the works, especially at a realization stage, the analysis of conservation operations on block XIX made possible certain observations which, as at is hoped, should contribute to the improvement of a practised way of the execution of reconstauction warlks on old town buildings.
As early as in 1939, the villa complex of the Off leers’ Housing and Residential Co-operative “Dom”, designed circa 1925 around the Mokotów Fort in Warsaw, formed a small modern housing estate built up with single-family houses representing various architectural traditions, embedded in the topography of the esplanade of the fort, connected by a bus line with the Old Town, provided with municipal infrastructure, a police station, a newsstand and two shops. The history of almost 80 years of construction of the housing complex near the Mokotów Fort presented in this article shows both the process of shaping the foundations of its urban design and architecture in years 1931-1939, architectural and urban developments of the estate in the 1950s and the 1960s, and finally, successive stages of the increasing degradation of its historic fabric which began at the end of the 1960s, thus demonstrating clearly that the growing dynamics and radicalism of its transformation requires conservators to take effective cure of this residential complex. The scope of such care would make it possible to retain the architectural values of various types of single-family houses preserved within its boundaries that are characteristic of several separated pre-war and postwar style formations, and to retain the historic urban complex of the housing estate and its villa & garden nature and climate, which results undoubtedly from its unique location within Warsaw. This article constitutes the first attempt made in the context of the Resolution of the Council of the Warsaw Capital City in 2009 on the commencement of preparing the local spatial development plan for the Wyględów district to present in an orderly manner our overall knowledge of the history of construction and post-war development of the co-operative housing complex near the Mokotów Fort, with special regard to its architecture and urban design, and to provide a detailed diagnosis of the state of preservation of the estate and to use it as a basis for determining effective rules of conservator’s protection that would also suit the specific architectural and urban values and location of the estate.
this year, for the first time in history, Poland will host the session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee which is scheduled to take place in Kraków between the 2nd and 12th of July. This prestigious event will, on one hand, undoubtedly constitute an immense organisational challenge for our country, on the other hand, it shall also give Poland a unique opportunity to present to this broad, international assembly not just the 14 properties which are already inscribed on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List, but also the remarkable richness and diversity of our cultural and natural heritage in general. The present supplement to the “Ochrona Zabytków” magazine was written with the general public in mind and is an extended version of the “World Heritage Review Special Issue” dedicated to World Heritage in Poland. WHR is a quarterly published by UNESCO available in English, French and Spanish. One’s a year it traditionally devotes a single issue to the cultural and natural heritage of the country which hosts the UNESCO World Heritage Committee session in the given year. To present the cultural and natural heritage of our country on a few dozen pages of WHR special issue was no easy task. We were forced to make a difficult selection of sites and topics. Finally, for obvious reasons, we focus on those sites which are most widely acknowledged by the international community and inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, we have made efforts to present our heritage in the broader context of the entire range of historic monuments which exist in our country as well as to show how our monument protection system operates and how it evolved to become what it is today. The supplement to the “Ochrona Zabytków” which you hold in your hands today has been prepared in both Polish and English, allowing the greatest possible number of Readers to become acquainted with the contents that could not have been published on the pages of “World Heritage Review” in full due to limitations of the publisher. Two main parts of this supplement are: the articles which describe the system that was put in place in order to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage within the territory of Poland; and richly illustrated presentations dedicated to the 14 World Heritage properties, presenting the wide range of problems related to their protection, conservation and management. In order to emphasise the fact that heritage remains inextricably linked with human lives, the third section includes a series of essays containing the recollections, reflections and experiences of persons who have become associated with the selected World Heritage properties in Poland in a variety of ways. The final article is no less important than the rest, for it is devoted entirely to the UNESCO Memory of the World programme. It is intended to draw our attention to the associations between documentary heritage and the effective protection of our historic monuments as well as its significance in this regard. To conclude, I sincerely hope that the contents of the present volume, prepared in connection with the 41st session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, will arouse kind interest not only among faithful Readers of our magazine. prof. dr MAŁGORZATA ROZBICKA Director of National Heritage Board Of Poland
The basic outline of the Communication Workers’ Estate, known since 1936 as Boernerowo from the name of its initiator, Ignacy Boerner, Minister of the Post and Telegraph, dates back to 1932-1934, when the residential estate was built in the suburban locality of Babice. The housing estate was completed in stages in accordance with a holistic plan prepared by Adam Jurewicz and Adam Kuncewicz who followed the principles of progressive Polish town planning. Initially, it encompassed typical so-called growing single-family wooden houses; from 1934, they were accompanied by free-standing brick houses. Alltold, prior to 1939, garden plots were filled with 275 houses and some o f the public utility objects foreseen in the plan, including a wooden chapel and a children’s centre. From the viewpoint of town planning the present-day state of the preservation of the Estate can be regarded as satisfactory, and its woodland-garden character has not changed. The same holds true for the carefully designed arrangement of streets, strips composed of greenery, the overwhelming majority of the original divisions into lots, and the lines of free-standing, loose development proposed by the designers. Large fragments of streets filled with original housing have been preserved. In recent years, Boernerowo, similarly to single-family house estates maintained within the boundaries of Warsaw and built during the prewar period by resorting to thrifty construction technologies, has become the site of increasingly intensive investments which carry the threat of losing many valuable elements of town planning and architecture. The presented article is an attempt at a holistic arrangement of our knowledge about the history of the construction of the Boernerowo Estate, a diagnosis of the state of its preservation, and a definition, upon this basis, of the range of conservation protection suitable for the architectural-town planning specificity of the Communication Estate.
Pałac marszałka Adama Kazanowskiego, jedna z największych, a jednocześnie najsłabiej rozpoznanych pod względem dziejów budowlanych rezydencji wazowskiej Warszawy, aż do początku XXI wieku nigdy nie była przedmiotem kompleksowych badań architektonicznych in situ. Badania najcenniejszej części dawnego pałacu, czyli skrzydła wschodniego, udało się wykonać dopiero w 2007 roku podczas prac remontowych prowadzonych przez Caritas Archidiecezji Warszawskiej. Artykuł prezentuje ich wyniki, które pozwoliły na weryfikację licznych hipotez na temat faz budowy i pierwotnego wyglądu rezydencji Kazanowskiego, doprecyzowanie chronologii powstawania poszczególnych elementów budowli, a także zrekonstruowanie układu przestrzennego i funkcjonalnego obiektu w kolejnych etapach jego istnienia. Do najważniejszych ustaleń należy zaliczyć przede wszystkim dokładne określenie zasięgu skrzydła pałacowego oraz budynku arsenału, ustalenie lokalizacji części pierwotnych, XVII-wiecznych otworów okiennych, a także odkrycie reliktów pozwalających na rekonstrukcję unikatowego w skali Warszawy sposobu ukształtowania głównej klatki schodowej pałacu. Za ważne należy również uznać ustalenie charakteru i zakresu przekształceń całego zespołu pałacowego w okresach, gdy był on siedzibą klasztoru Karmelitanek Bosych, a potem Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Dobroczynności.
EN
The palace of marshal Adam Kazanowski, one of the largest residences of its kind in Warsaw during the reign of the Vasa dynasty, has also been one of the most mysterious in terms of the history of its construction, since no comprehensive architectural research has been performed on its site until the early 21st century. It was only in 2007 that a survey of the most valuable section of the now-vanished palace – its eastern wing – was performed in the course of renovation works conducted by the Warsaw Archdiocese branch of the Caritas. This article presents the results of this survey which allowed to verify various hypotheses concerning the phases of the construction of the palace as well as its original appearance, to make a more precise determination as to the chronology of the construction of its individual sections as well as to reconstruct the spatial and functional layout during the subsequent phases of its existence. The most significant conclusions include the precise determination of the area covered by the main body of the palace and the arsenal, the determination of the location of original, 17th-c. window openings as well as the discovery of the remnants which allowed to reconstruct the original layout of the main staircase – a truly unique design in its times in Warsaw architecture. Another important issue is the nature and scope of alterations of the palace complex during the times when it served as a Discalced Carmelite convent and, later on, as the seat of the Warsaw Charitable Society.
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