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EN
A significant change affecting the dynamics of the importance of the SME sector was the crisis that began in 2008. Previous few analyses showed that the SME sector is more resistant to changes in business cycles than the large enterprises sector. The authors take an attempt to verify the hypothesis about smaller (than the large firms’) sensitivity of the SME sector to the changing economic conditions. The analysis was conducted basing on the available data from the years 2008–2011 about countries belonging to the euro area. Considerations concern the size and structure of the population of enterprises, the size and structure of employment by firm size classes and structure of created value added. The analysis does not allow for the adoption or rejection of the hypothesis about the independence of changes in SME sector and business cycles. Results do not confirm the SME sector greater resistance to the recession. Economies dominated by SMEswere visibly less successful in dealing with the bad situation after 2008. Certainly this does not mean that the deeper crisis was caused by smaller enterprises. In contrast, it can be concluded that in this group of countries, the SME sector has not proved to be a better economic stabilizer than in the other analyzed economies.
EN
Long-run impact of economic growth on fertility trends is ambiguous and sensitive for in-time variations. Noticeably, over last decades, economic growth has led to significant falls in total fertility rates in many countries. However, recently, in high-income economies a kind of ‘fertility rebound’ emerged (Gold-stein, 2009; Luci and Thevenon, 2011; Day, 2012), which supports the hypothesis that reversal trends in total fertility rates are mainly attributed to economic growth. The paper unveils the relationship between total fertility rate changes and economic growth in 18 selected countries with fertility rebound observed, over the period 1970–2011, and detects the GDP-threshold at which the fertility rebound emerged. To report on the relationship we deploy longitudinal data analysis assuming non-linearity between examined variables. The data applied are exclusively derived from World Development Indicators 2013. Our main findings support the hypothesis on U-shaped relationship between the total fertility rate and economic growth in analyzed countries in 1970-2011. Along with the previous, we project the minimum level of GDP per capita (GDP-threshold) when the fertility rebound takes place.
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