The paper addresses the issues of relationships in distance education. These problems are important because good relationships are among the key determinants of both the quality of education and learning outcomes. The new educational conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have become a threat to building and strengthening the school community's relationships. The need to switch to distance education from one day to the next was a huge challenge for teachers, students, and parents. Initially, teachers focused mainly on technical issues and finding ways to implement core curricula. There was a risk that in distance education, where contact is mediated, it would be difficult for teachers to foster relationships. Furthermore, taking care of students' psychological needs, including the need for relationships, should be a priority in these conditions to provide an antidote to the psychological difficulties associated with isolation and online learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance attached by early school education teachers to relationships as well as how and to what extent they build and maintain relationships and create a community in distance education. The research was conducted using the interview method and included early school education teachers. The results obtained represent examples of good practice in fostering relationships while teaching online.
The article presents the results of a research questionnaire conducted among students and lecturers after the first, and repeated after the second, exam session during the pandemic crisis as this was the first time the examinations were conducted by distance education at The Maria Grzegorzewska University (Warsaw, Poland). Lecturers see the advantages of remote examination in the technological possibilities of conducting examinations (automation in checking and assessing the tests and archiving the results), time savings (immediate availability of results, flexibility of examination dates), and organizational improvements. Students indicate the comfort of writing the exam in a friendly environment, which reduces stress, and appreciate the possibility of obtaining results quickly and the need to spend less time on the exam itself. In the case of disadvantages of remote exams, lecturers indicate a lack of control over the independence and integrity of students, and students complain about the stringent time constraints, distractors and stress, as well as the level of the exam (both higher and lower compared to the level of traditional exams) and the adequacy of the grades obtained. Both groups consider technical problems that arise during the exam to be severe. Twenty percent of students admit to using unauthorized assistance during tests and exams. Academic teachers try to reduce the dependence of students by choosing an appropriate form of the exam (problem tasks, oral exams, open-ended questions, test variants), using special strategies (comparing students’ work, control questions, looking for parts of final papers on the Internet), and using technical solutions (requirement of turning on the camera, checking the metadata of files, the need to document work). The search for an effective and appropriate method of verification of learning outcomes is ongoing.
Edukacja zdalna realizowana w czasach kryzysu, wprowadzana w sposób nagły, bez uprzedniego przygotowania nauczycieli akademickich i uczelni, stanowiła dla wszystkich wykładowców nowe, nierzadko trudne doświadczenie. Konieczność korzystania z własnego sprzętu i domowego dostępu do internetu oraz brak czasu na przygotowanie realizowanych zajęć adekwatnie do wymogów technicznych i merytorycznych dydaktyki zdalnej sprawiły, że jakość edukacji uzależniona była od kompetencji i pomysłowości poszczególnych wykładowców. Proces nauczania utrudniał także brak gotowości studentów do podjęcia nauki w trybie zdalnym. Doświadczenia związane z kryzysową edukacją zdalną stały się udziałem nauczycieli akademickich większości uczelni, w których dotychczas taki tryb nauczania stanowił niewielki procent aktywności dydaktycznej. Celem podjętych w tym artykule analiz było poznanie i porównanie doświadczeń związanych z kryzysową edukacją zdalną zdobytych przez nauczycieli akademickich z dwóch uczelni, polskiej i ukraińskiej.
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