The author describes the underappreciated, artistically innovative illustrations that Piotr Stachiewicz created for a jubilee edition of Bene Nati, which had been issued to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Eliza Orzeszkowa’s work as a writer in 1891. The author emphasizes the variety of Stachiewicz’s illustrations which portray the novel’s storyline, dramatic and genre scenes, characters and a winter landscape. These differ in format as well as the way in which they are integrated into the text and in which the images’ borders, which perform an interpretive function, are treated. When a border is interrupted and an illustration encroaches on the space that was intended for text, this means overstepping the boundaries of the fictional world and entering the real world. A reference to Andriolli’s illustrations brings to mind the world that was created in Pan Tadeusz [Sir Thaddeus] and constitutes a form of Aesopian language.
The article concentrates on the issues of the cycle of illustrations by Elwiro Michał Andriolli in Eliza Orzeszkowa’s Meir Ezofowicz as a work of art of the second half of the 19th century, an excellent inter-semiotic translation of literature into the “image rhetoric”, and an example of a turn in the artistic work style – from romanticism, preferred by the artist, to social realism. Wood engravings were made by the graphic artist with both artistry and kindliness towards the author and the subject matter of the novel. Andriolli’s thorough artistic interpretation fills in the book’s unsaid parts, highlights the meanings that the writer was not allowed to touch upon in the novel because of the censorship, e.g. he showed the centuries-old relationships between the Jews and the Polish in the context of the loss of statehood. In the cycle, the graphic artist recorded the collective portrait of the Jewish community, depicted their cultural richness and internal problems (concerning economy, religion and identity).
Neuroedukacja wykorzystuje techniki treningu na poziomie neuronalnym w celu skutecznej stymulacji mózgu w procesie uczenia się zarówno dzieci, jak i dorosłych, osób zdrowych i z niepełnosprawnościami. W artykule zaprezentowano własne wyniki i wnioski dwu cykli treningowych (8-letnie dziecko i 56-letni dorosły) z wykorzystaniem metod: neurofeedbacku, audioterapii, kynoterapii oraz ćwiczeń integracji międzypółkulowej. Metody te okazały się atrakcyjne dla trenujących w każdym wieku, nie wymagały od terapeuty odwoływania się do doświadczeń człowieka, zmiany jego przekonań. Efekty neurotreningu miały na celu wspieranie pracy mózgu, poprawę uwagi słuchowej, wyników uczenia się, pamięci oraz radzenie sobie w sytuacjach stresogennych.
EN
Neuroeducation uses training techniques at the neural level to effectively stimulate the brain in the learning process of both children and adults, healthy people and people with disabilities. The article presents author’s results and conclusions of the two training cycles (for an 8-year-old child and a 56-year-old adult) using the methods of: neurofeedback, audiotherapy, kynotherapy and interhemispheric integration exercises. These methods turned out to be attractive for people of all ages, they did not require a therapist to refer to human experiences, change their beliefs. The effects of neurotrening were aimed at supporting the brain work, improving auditory attention, learning outcomes, memory and coping with stressful situations.
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