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The role of institutions in shaping state competitiveness: the evidence from the European countries

100%
Struk O.
Reality of Politics
|
2023
|
issue 25
145-162
EN
The article aims to define the role of institutions in shaping competitiveness in certain European states. The research problem to be addressed through this study is to what extent does the level of competitiveness in world economy depends on Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in particular countries. The study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods of data analysis. A cross-country comparative analysis, based on data from 32 European states in 2021, revealed that the level of competitiveness is determined by institutional environment. The higher the WGI percentile ranks, the better place in the World Competitiveness Ranking. The results of the study enabled to fully confirm the 1st hypothesis, i.e. the institutional governance quality and control of corruption have a noticeably positive impact on competitiveness. It was revealed that the 2nd hypothesis could not be confirmed because of statistical insignificance, i.e. countries with political stability, absence of violence/terrorism and quality of law are typically more competitive among world economies. Meanwhile, the 3rd one was partially confirmed, i.e. the quality of regulations leads to higher competitiveness of economies, while freedom of expression, free media and ability to participate in national elections have not a significant impact on competitiveness.
2
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Conceptual and Methodical Aspects of Realisation the Export-Oriented Strategy of Economic Growth

100%
Struk O.
Handel Wewnętrzny
|
2016
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issue 4 (363)
303-312
EN
The aim of the article is to formulate the essence of export-oriented strategy and to determine the methods, instruments of its realization. Research was made basically on the world researches and conclusions of the scientists of World Bank, IMF such as B. Balassa, K. Cukier, M. Gacalov, G. Hanson, B. Klein, S. Levy S. Nolan, T. I. Palley, J. Wang, J. Whalley. Also there was analysed the world bibliography, using Google Books Ngram Viewer. In current observation, the were used the following methods: induction, deduction, logical comparison, analysis, and synthesis. Based on the world scientific experience there was formulated the definition of the term export-oriented strategy and observed the dynamics of use the main terms in the world literature during the last century. A model of realisation of the economic development export-oriented strategy was elaborated. We considered the criteria of selection of the schemes to promote exports, the basic elements of the successful export-oriented strategy, methods of exports promoting, and organisational forms.
PL
Celem artykułu jest sformułowanie istoty zorientowanej na eksport strategii oraz określenie metod i narzędzi jej realizacji. Badania przeprowadzono głównie na podstawie światowych badań i wniosków naukowców z Banku Światowego i MFW, takich jak B. Balassa, K. Cukier, M. Gacalov, G. Hanson, B. Klein, S. Levy S. Nolan, T. I. Palley, J. Wang, J. Whalley. Dokonano również analizy światowej bibliografii wykorzystując do tego Google Books Ngram Viewer. W bieżącej obserwacji zastosowano następujące metody: indukcję, dedukcję, logiczne porównanie, analizę i syntezę. Na podstawie światowych doświadczeń naukowych sformułowano definicję terminu „zorientowana na eksport strategia” oraz obserwowano dynamikę stosowania głównych terminów w literaturze światowej w ostatnim stuleciu. Opracowano model realizacji rozwoju ekonomicznego strategii zorientowanej na eksport. Uwzględniliśmy kryteria wyboru schematów promowania eksportu, podstawowe elementy pomyślnej strategii zorientowanej na eksport, metody promowania eksportu i formy organizacyjne.
RU
Цель статьи – сформулировать суть направленной на экспорт стратегии и определить методы и инструменты ее реализации. Изучение провели в основном на основе мировых исследований и выводов ученых из Всемирного банка, МВФ, таких как B. Balassa, K. Cukier, M. Gacalov, G. Hanson, B. Klein, S. Levy S. Nolan, T. I. Palley, J. Wang, J. Whalley. Провели также анализ мировой литературы, используя Google Books Ngram Viewer. В текущем наблюдении использовали следующие методы: индукцию, дедукцию, логическое сравнение, анализ и синтез. На основе мирового научного опыта определи- ли дефиницию термина «направленная на экспорт стратегия» и наблюдали за динамикой использования основных терминов в мировой литературе на протяжении последнего столетия. Разработали модель осуществления экономического развития направленной на экспорт стратегии. Нами были приняты во внимание критерии отбора схем поощрения экспорта, основные элементы успешной стратегии, направленной на экспорт, методы поощрения экспорта и организационные формы.
3
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Active labour market policies response to Ukrainian citizens entering the European Union’s labour market

100%
Struk O.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
|
2023
|
issue 3(38)
151-170
RU
Статья содержит тщательный анализ активной политики Европы на рынке труда в условиях притока украинцев после начала полномасштабной агрессии России против Украины. Обзор правил временной защиты украинцев, принятых в странах ЕС, позволил определить условия легального проживания и доступа на рынок труда. Статистические данные и исследования, проведенные международными институтами, стали основой для определения профиля украинских беженцев на рынке труда ЕС. Таким образом, подавляющее большинство граждан Украины, проживающих в странах ЕС, составляют женщины с уровнем образования выше среднего; хорошее или высокое знание английского языка; которые до войны работали с немалой долей в секторах здравоохранения и образования; и которые часто работают ниже своей квалификации. Кроме того, было проведено аналитическое сравнение, чтобы выделить имидж мигрантов, приехавших в Польшу до 24 февраля 2022 года, и военных беженцев, прибывших после начала войны в Украине. Принятие украинцев поляками, замечательное сходство между странами с точки зрения культуры, благоприятный доступ к рынку труда и здравоохранению имеют первостепенное значение как для экономических мигрантов, так и для военных беженцев.
EN
The article contains a thorough analysis of the European active labour market policies in the face of the influx of Ukrainians following the outbreak of the Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine. An overview of the temporary protection regulations for Ukrainians adopted by the EU states made it possible to determine the conditions of legal residence and labour market access. Statistical data and surveys conducted by international institutions became the basis for identification the Ukrainian refugee’s profile on the EU labour market. Thus, the vast majority of Ukrainian citizens staying in EU states are women with higher-than-average educational level; good or high proficiency in English; who used to work before the war with a non-negligible share in the health and education sectors; and who often work below their qualification. In addition, an analytical comparison was undertaken to highlight the image of migrants who came to Poland before February 24, 2022 and that of war refugees who have arrived following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. Acceptance of Ukrainians by Poles, remarkable similarities between countries in terms of culture, favourable access to the labour market and healthcare are of the utmost significance for both economic migrants and war refugees.
4
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Nash – Disequilibrium, Random Decisions and Imbalance of Society: Is it Relevant to Ukraine?

51%
Hurnyak I., Struk O., Hrytsyshyn A.
Political Preferences
|
2023
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1
5-30
EN
Ukrainian society is undergoing rapid transformational changes. The authors attempted to identify the main behavioral strategies before the war as well as possible changes in the following years. Attempting to recognize the most prevalent behavior in society, the interaction and attitude of students during the exam were taken into consideration. The student group includes representatives of various regions in proportionate numbers. The research is based on the simulation of the interaction of different groups in society by means of game theory and programming. The study proposes using Schumpeter market disturbances and ‘Nash disequilibrium’ to invigorate the current ineffective system. It has been shown that pre-war Ukrainian society exhibited a very high level of collusion. The interim conclusions were tested using Axelrod’s tournament algorithms and strategies. A simulation of the cooperative equilibrium in Ukrainian society during the pre-war period was demonstrated. The study also contains important predictions about the changes in the institutional environment in the aftermath of the war in Ukraine.
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