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1
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Kredyty globalne jako forma finansowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw

100%
Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny; Instytut Finansów
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2011
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vol. 260
2
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Fundusze pożyczkowe szansą finansowania sektora MSP w kryzysie

100%
Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny; Instytut Finansów
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2011
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vol. 247
EN
The article introduces loan funds, which deliver capitals to micro, small and medium sized enterprises, even in period of crisis and limited possibilities of financing from alternative sources. In this way they contribute to a formation and a development of economic subjects and stimulate the employment growth also. Loan funds fulfill a gap of financing, which banks can not or do not want fill up. In aim of showing a meaning of loan funds were presented effects of their activity for SME sector in last years. Afterwards, the guarantee funds role was showed, which stimulate giving loans and credits.
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Mezzanine as an Alternative Form of Corporate Financing

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Czajkowska A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
99-111
EN
The main goal of the article is the assessment of mezzanine financing as an innovative form in Poland, which might play a significant role in the dynamically developing companies which can’t obtain sufficient capital from traditional sources in the form of bank credits. Mezzanine may be applied to: financing investment projects, increasing the value of the company, the expansion of businesses through mergers and acquisitions, redemption of shares or the financing of leveraged buyouts. The main methodology used in this article is explanatory research and comparative analysis. The hypothesis assumes that mezzanine financing may become an important alternative source of funding for medium and large sized enterprises in Poland. This article presents the idea of mezzanine financing, its mechanism, structures and comparison to alternative funding, examples of such transactions costs. An important part is indication of types of mezzanine capital and applications in the USA, the UE including Poland as well as comparative analysis of mezzanine advantages and disadvantages.
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Doświadczenie Wschodu w XVIII i XIX wieku w biografiach kobiet (na przykładzie Salomei Pilsztynowej, Ludwiki Śniadeckiej i Jadwigi Zamoyskiej)

100%
Czajkowska A.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2018
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vol. 109
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issue 2
5-27
PL
Artykuł prezentuje sylwetki trzech kobiet (Salomea Pilsztynowa, Ludwika Śniadecka i Jadwiga Zamoyska), które podróżując do Turcji w XVIII i XIX wieku nie tylko zdobywały nowe doświadczenia, ale też realizowały – odpowiedni dla swojej kondycji i okoliczności kulturowo-historycznych – ideał swoistej emancypacji. Salomea Pilsztynowa spisała w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku wspomnienia zatytułowane „Proceder podróży i życia mego awantur” (wydane w 1962 roku). Jadwiga Zamoyska jest autorką „Wspomnień”, przygotowanych w latach 1893–1895, wydanych w 1961 roku w opracowaniu Marii Czapskiej. Ludwika Śniadecka jest prezentowana w napisanej przez Marię Czapską biografii, zawierającej unikalne świadectwa w postaci fragmentów listów córki profesora Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego. W ówczesnej literaturze polskiej tego typu dokumenty nie są częste – kobiety rzadziej niż mężczyźni podróżowały, rzadziej też spisywały relacje. Wspomnienia bohaterek artykułu są tym cenniejsze, że dekonstruują ówczesny dyskurs orientalistyczny, tworzony przez zaangażowanych w politykę i handel mężczyzn. Istotną cechą autorek jest ich narodowa identyfikacja, która zawiera w sobie elementy historycznych związków ze Wschodem, a także uwikłanie w bieżącą politykę. Spotkanie z Orientem bohaterek artykułu oznacza odrzucenie stereotypów, otwartość na to, co inne, wyzwala w nich ciekawość poznawczą i umiejętność samodzielnego myślenia. W ten sposób prowadzi do ukształtowania się podmiotowości podróżujących kobiet.
EN
The article presents three woman figures (Salomea Pilsztynowa , Ludwika Śniadecka, Jadwiga Zamoyska) who while travelling to Turkey in the 18th and 19th c. not only gained new experience, but also fulfilled – in conformity to their social situation and cultural-historical circumstances – ideal of a peculiar emancipation. Salomea Pilsztynowa wrote in the second half of the 18th c. her memories entitled “Proceder podróży i życia mego awantur (My Life’s Travels and Adventures)” (published in 1962). Jadwiga Zamoyska is the author of “Wspomnienia (Memories)” composed between 1893 and 1895 and published in 1961 in Maria Czapska’s preparation. Ludwika Śniadecka is presented in a biography by Maria Czapska which includes rare testimonies: fragments of letters by professor Jędrzej Śniadecki’s daughter. In the polish literature of that time such documents are uncommon as women travelled less often than men, and much rarely did they express recollections in writing. The female memories are thus more valuable in that they deconstruct the then Oriental discourse made by males engaged into political matters and trade. An important trait of the women authors is their national identification which includes elements of historical connections with the East as well as involvement into the current politics. The heroines’ meeting with the Orient means rejection of stereotypes, openness to the other, it enhances cognitive interest and ability of individual thinking. And it is in that way that it leads to the shaping of travelling women subjectivity.
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Mikrofinansowanie w warunkach kryzysu

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Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny; Instytut Finansów
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2012
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vol. 266
EN
This article presents the situation of microfinance in period of global crisis. At the beginning, tasks and importance of microfinance are presented. Furthermore the role of microfinance institutions were characterized, they can play financing microenterprises in crisis conditions. It has been argued that, despite difficulties of worldwide financial sector, there are indications that microfinance institutions can resist the crisis, creating the best opportunities of financing for the smallest enterprises. On the other hand, there are mentioned factors, which may have a negative influence on the microfinancing development. Besides, this paper describes some recommendations for the development of EU and Polish MFIs.
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Obsługa finansowa jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w strategiach banków

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Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. F. i. B.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2006
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vol. 197
EN
Local governments (JST) remain in a centre of banks’ interest as good, reliable customers. The banks’ policy in range to gain over communes as customers concerns on temporary marketing actions, as well as the realization of far-reaching strategic purposes. The aim of article is to present chances for banks in range of guiding out strategics on financial services for the JST. There was an assumption undertaken, th at banks can not confine on traditional, basic services, but they should search for new products and possibilities to win competitive fight of extremely valuable sector of JST (from the point of view of actual and potential needs, financial resources and cash flows). It was proved in the article th at banks should offer to local governments’ a range of corporate and investment banking services as well as assets management. Moreover banks can help in implementation tasks of JST as well as the achieving of willful aims, through assurance of wide range of complex, easily accessible financial and consultative services on competitive terms. The banks ought to provide the specific consultative services, especially directed on improvement of the short-term financial resources management of local government.
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Dylematy dla Polski związane z przystąpieniem do unii bankowej

100%
Czajkowska A.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2016
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vol. CI
179-192
PL
W artykule poruszono problematykę unii bankowej z punktu widzenia Polski stojącej przed dylematem, czy należy wstąpić do jej struktur, w szczególności przedstawiono: elementy projektu Docelowej Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej, regulacje i główne elementy unii bankowej, nadzór EBC, argumenty za i przeciw przystąpieniu Polski do niej. Zaprezentowano wyzwania związane z unią bankową, wskazano zalety i wady proponowanych rozwiązań, szanse i zagrożenia wynikające z przystąpienia do niej dla polskiego sektora bankowego. Przyjęto hipotezę, że na obecnym etapie rozwoju unii bankowej przystąpienie do niej jest niekorzystne dla Polski i obarczone niepewnością.
EN
The article addresses the issues of the banking union from point of view of Poland faced with a dilemma whether to join its structures, in particular were presented: the target elements of the project Economic and Monetary Union, regulations and major elements of banking union, the ECB’s supervision, the arguments for and against the Polish accession to banking union. Presented challenges for banking union, indicates the advantages and disadvantages of proposed solutions, opportunities and threats arising from the accession to the Polish banking sector. It is hypothesized that at the current stage of development of the banking union, accession to it is disadvantageous for Poland and contain uncertainty.
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Kredytowanie gospodarstw domowych w strategii marketing-mix

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Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. F.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2008
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vol. 218
EN
The article presents the uses of the marketing-mix strategy in credit activity for households. Contemporary individual customers require complex service. Former practice of banks shaw, that the use of marketing tools has been forgotten in gaining and keeping credible borrowers. Bank, which wants to achieve success, concrete and measurable advantages must connect all elements of marketing in one integral, in order that they cooperate and were not competitive in relation to each other.
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Bariery kredytowania małych przedsiębiorstw

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Czajkowska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. F. i. B.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2007
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vol. 203
EN
Accessibility to banks’ credits for many small enterprises is limited in considerable degree. The main aim of the article is to perform opinions of both the banks as well as firms applying about credits resulting from analyses and researches about barriers of giving credits to small firms. In the article accepted foundation, that banks although competing about financial service of small firms, they create them many limitations in access to credits still. Both banks as well as businessmen perceive that credit limitations in our economy still exist, which are relating to six main categories: the guarantee, cost of credit, economical-financial situation of enterprises, complicated procedures, sociological-psychological barriers as well as credit frauds.
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Nauka i literatura w twórczości Brunona Schulza

100%
Czajkowska A.
Świat i Słowo
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2015
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vol. Świat i Słowo 2015, nr 1 (24)
87-102
EN
The work of Bruno Schulz, among many lexical fields of Polish and foreign languages, often uses scientific terminology. In the edition of the National Library there are many references in medicine, chemistry, physics, physiology. Jerzy Jarzębski also notes military and architectural astronomical, mathematical, zoological, geographical and economics terms. "Scientific" horizon of Schulz's prose complete the names of colors, types of textures and materials, as well as philosophical concepts, situate the story in the intellectual context of his era. Moles professional knowledge is also characterized written by Schulz list, which suggests that the terminology and methodology are not merely embellishments, and have the status of trained and well-established epistemological beliefs. Also mean membership in the mainstream of European literature, with Thomas Mann at the forefront. Co-create the belief expressed in Schulz's stories about the bankruptcy of reality.
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Ubezpieczenie odpowiedzialności cywilnej pośrednika kredytu hipotecznego

51%
Wieteska S., Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska P., Czajkowska A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2018
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issue 541
295-311
PL
Kryzys finansowy z lat 2007-2009 doprowadził do tego, że za pomocą odpowiednich dyrektyw podjęto radykalne działania mające na celu ochronę konsumenta jako słabszej strony umowy kredytowej. Wśród wielu decyzji szczególną uwagę zwrócono na sposób zawierania przez pośredników umów kredytów hipotecznych. Na pośredników kredytu hipotecznego, oprócz wielu wymagań, nałożono obowiązek zawarcia umowy ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej. Artykuł naświetla problematykę kredytów hipotecznych w Polsce i obszernie ustosunkowuje się do treści zapisów zawartych w aktach prawnych. W szczególności zwrócono w nim uwagę na dyskusyjne parametry tego ubezpieczenia, tj. zakres ochrony ubezpieczeniowej, pole ubezpieczeniowe, sumę gwarancyjną, składkę i koszty likwidacji. Ubezpieczenie obowiązkowe odpowiedzialności cywilnej pośredników kredytu hipotecznego jest nowym produktem na rynku ubezpieczeń, chroniącym kolejną grupę zaufania społecznego.
EN
The financial crisis of years 2007-2009 led to important actions (through appropriate directives) aimed at protecting the consumer as the weaker side to the loan agreement. On the mortgage loan intermediaries, apart from many requirements, an obligation to conclude a liability insurance contract was imposed. The article focuses on the debatable parameters of this insurance, i.e. the scope of insurance coverage, guarantee sum, premium and liquidation costs. Compulsory insurance of liability of mortgage loan intermediary is a new product on the insurance market that protects another group of social trust.
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