The present article seeks to analyze the religious trends in the development of the Belarusian society during the period of the transformation of the former Soviet Union, on the basis of research by Belarusian sociologists. Special attention is paid to the religions identification of the Belarusians, the strength of religious beliefs and the religions behaviour of the citizens. Analysis covers inter alia the confessional, geographical and ethnic factors, which influence the religiousness among certain groups of the population, and the mutual relationship between the State and the Church under the laws concerning the freedom of conscience. In this aspect we analyze the currently propagated idea about the “diversified” model of interaction between the State and individual denominations.
PL
W artykule podejmuje się próbę analizy zagadnienia identyfikacji wyznaniowej mieszkańców Białorusi w okresie transformacji społecznej, związanej z rozpadem ZSRS, na podstawie badań białoruskich socjologów. Wskazuje się również czynniki wpływające na tożsamość religijną ludności, stopień jej religijności oraz motywy zachowań religijnych. Zwraca się m.in. uwagę na czynniki o charakterze wyznaniowym, geograficznym i etnicznym, ukierunkowujące religijność niektórych grup ludności. Porusza się także kwestię stosunku państwa białoruskiego do Kościoła na tle obowiązującego ustawodawstwa w zakresie wolności sumienia. W tym aspekcie omawia się lansowaną obecnie na Białorusi tezę o „zróżnicowanym” modelu stosunków państwa z poszczególnymi wyznaniami.
RU
У артыкуле, на падставе даследаванняў беларускіх сацыёлагаў, аналізуюцца праблемы канфесійнай ідэнтычнасці жыхароў Беларусі ў перыяд грамадскіх перамен у сувязі з распадам СССР. Разважаюцца фактары, якія маглі паўплываць на рэлігійнае атаясамліванне насельніцтва, ступень рэлігійнасці жыхароў Беларусі, а таксама матывы рэлігійных паводзінаў. Звяртаецца таксама ўвага на фактары канфесійнага, геаграфічнага і этнічнага характару, якія арыентуюць рэлігійнасць некаторых груп насельніцтва. Акрамя таго, у публікацыі закранаецца пытанне адносін беларускай дзяржавы да Царквы на фоне існуючага заканадаўства ў сферы вольнасці сумлення. У дадзеным аспекце разглядаецца папулярны ў Беларусі ў сучасны перыяд тэзіс пра “дыферэнцыраваную” мадэль адносін дзяржавы да асобных веравызнанняў.
The main subject of the article is the self-concept of the Belarusians as an ethnic community, especially in the assessments of the forerunners of the Belarusian nationalist movement and Belarusian nationalists of the 1990s. In this context the study pointed out the tendency to change the attitude of some circles in the present-day Belarusian elite and its changeable evaluations of the condition of civil society in their country and Belarusianness under the conditions of state sovereignty. The article also discusses the reason for the failure of the nationalist movement and factors impacting the orientations and behaviors of the Belarusians. The basic distinctive features of present-day Belarusian identity were also distinguished. In this context attention focused on the character of the current Belarusian government and the attitude of the authorities towards the spread of Belarusian language, and development of national culture. Referring to sociological studies and opinions of experts, the author sought to distinguish values that determine feelings and behaviors prevailing in contemporary Belarusian society. He emphasized inter alia that transformations are taking place in it in a special way, practically without the uniting and integrating national factor, and under the conditions of diversification that makes consolidation difficult, which is necessary for the development of mechanisms of democratic society and for the international integration of the state.
PL
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