Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 2

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

The concept of universals at the beginning of Jesuit philosophy

100%
Gryżenia K.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
|
2010
|
issue 20(33)
49-64
EN
The issue of universals seemed to appear in almost all ages as a basic philosophical subject on the epistemiological as well as methaphysical plane. It was definitely that way in medieval period when it was placed in the foreground and was considered as the main criterion of divisions and differences between philosophers and currents. Along with revivalof scholasticism in the 16th century, the dispute over nature of universals became again the subject of polemics between antiqui and moderni, that is between supporters of different variants of realism and nominalism. From the wide range of taken stands in that matter tendencies for realistic and reistic points of view were dominant. Will one of them be presented by philosophers of the newly established at that time Jesuit order? Answers to that question was searched on the example of Peter Fonseca’s doctrine – leading Jesuit philosopher in the early scientific phase of the order’s activity. Completed analyses do not allow to count Fonseca explicitly among followers of one of two leading positions at that time, namely – either extreme realism or nominalist reism. As far as logic universals are concerned, which were the effects of intellect’s abstraction, Fonseca’s doctrine is not different from the doctrines of the previous scholastics. Another way it is with the issue of universals existing before the thing. The very specific concept of Fonseca, in which he ascribes only potential not current way of existing to universals. It defends him from accusation of the extreme realism. He doesn’t say anything about universals being the subject of learning God. Fonseca emphasizes that universals live in such a way that it is impossible to bring them either to existence typical for concretum or to the way of existence of intentional being. Such a presentation induces the conclusion that Fonseca is inspired by Avicenna’s theory of the third nature and Scot’s theory of common nature. It is not extreme Platonic solution but less radical, indirect one which aspired to moderate realism. More generally speaking, it is noticed that in the early period of Jesuit philosophy Fonseca and later Suarez, being in opposition to extreme – as it was commonly believed – realism of Scot and Ockham’s nominalism, in fact is closer to Scot’s solutions while Suarez more into Ockham’s.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Filozoficzne uzasadnienie powinności rozwoju osoby ludzkiej

100%
Gryżenia K.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
|
2010
|
vol. 28
73-86
EN
Philosophy is of historical and trans-cultural value, thus it is necessary and indispensable in the life of humans. The same applies on the field of educational upbringing. The article points to the relationships taking place in the personal development of man and philosophy. The matter is discussed in the light of objective philosophy (realistic) and subjective philosophy (postmodern). The latter claims that there are no objective, universal or rationally grounded theses. All is reduced to rational relativism and subjectivism. On these grounds the necessity of the personal development is non-existent; every deed or human behaviour is of the same value. Virtues and weaknesses are on the same level. Yet another approach to this vexed issue is presented by philosophy of realism, which claims the right and obligation of humans for development. This development presupposes natural and supernatural development. Human beings benefits from such development by reaching their individual perfection, achieving it by everyday work and according to their own inborn abilities. The struggle for self-development is a decisive factor. It can help the contemporary pedagogics see the need for forming humans themselves in the high-tech culture of today’s world. Taking into consideration the consequences of both the above mentioned philosophical trends, one should notice that the philosophy of realism - although it is thought to be old-fashioned and unpractical - cannot be discarded. This type of philosophy struggles for the real good of the man. Therefore, it should be taken into account when looking at human beings. One is not able to pursue a healthy human activity without sound philosophical principles.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.