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The state, sectarian violence, and freedom of association in a secular context: the case of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria

100%

Oladiti A. A.

Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

2018

vol. 21

271-300

Artykuł dotyczy związków pomiędzy państwem, wolnością stowarzyszania się oraz aktami przemocy o podłożu religijnym, do jakich dochodzi pomiędzy grupami wyznaniowymi w Nigerii. Poświęcony jest w szczególności roli państwa w utrzymaniu pokoju oraz oficjalnej reakcji rządu na wspomnianą przemoc. We współczesnych państwach afrykańskich przemoc o podłożu religijnym jest bardzo częstym i niebezpiecznym zjawiskiem charakteryzującym relacje pomiędzy grupami religijnymi. Używa się jej jako preferowanego środka przyciągania uwagi, potwierdzania skuteczności działania i zapewniania sobie miejsca wśród innych wspólnot religijnych w państwie. Ten trend kojarzony jest z Islamskim Ruchem Nigerii. W tym kontekście artykuł przedstawia historię przemocy o podłożu religijnym, mit i rzeczywistość wolności religijnej, związki pomiędzy wolnością religijną, państwem i sekularyzmem w Nigerii, jednocześnie analizując obowiązujące w tym państwie konstytucyjne przepisy o wolności religijnej i wolności stowarzyszania się. W konkluzji stwierdza się, że wolność religijna i wolność stowarzyszania się stanowią integralne elementy nigeryjskiego porządku konstytucyjnego, a w związku z tym wszystkie wspólnoty religijne mają prawo do pokojowego współistnienia.

This paper examines the interrelationship between the State, freedom of association and sectarian violence among faith communities in Nigeria. It specifically discusses the role of the State in maintaining peace, and the government’s official response to sectarian violence among religious associations. In modern African states, sectarian violence has been prevalent and deadly among religious group movements. It is deployed as the most preferred means of attracting recognition, affirming feasibility and proclaiming existence among other religious associations in the State. This trend is associated with the Islamic Movement of Nigeria. It is against this background that this paper historicises sectarian violence, the myth and reality of religious freedom, the interrelationship between religious freedom, the State and secularism in Nigeria while discussing the constitutional provisions of religious freedom and religious associations in Nigeria. The paper concludes that religious freedom and freedom of association are integral features of the Nigerian Constitution and, therefore, all religious associations are permitted to live in peaceful coexistence.

The Sopona Pandemic among the Yoruba of West Africa: Local Interpretations and Colonial Interventions

51%

Oladiti A. A., Ajibade S. I., Oyewale G. M.

West Bohemian Historical Review

2022

vol. 12

issue 2

249-261

Smallpox, also known as (Sopona), is one of the epidemic plagues experienced among the Yoruba people of West Africa especially in Abeokuta and Lagos under colonial rule. The aim of this study is to examine the Yoruba perception of the management of smallpox infection, socio-cultural beliefs about it and the colonial interventions in the management of the disease condition in Africa. This is necessary to explain the construction of indigenous knowledge via indigenous traditional science related to the history of medicine in Nigeria under colonialism. There is paucity of data and detailed historical narratives on the local interpretations and colonial interventions of the sopona pandemic and the procedures adopted in the containment of the spread of the disease as well as the colonial response to the disease outbreak. The interconnectivity between the pandemic and colonial rule shows that the disease condition was more difficult to control than officials expected, thereby increasing the transmission rate and spreading the epidemic among the population. Over the period, large numbers of people among the natives and colonial invaders died from the disease, causing widespread fear to the colonial authorities. The colonial officials in Nigeria were not equipped to handle the outbreak, given their uncertain knowledge of its etiology and lack of vaccination or drug for its treatment in Western medical science during the colonial period. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources. Primary data included oral interviews, newspaper reports and archival materials. Secondary sources were obtained from university libraries and research institutes across Nigeria. Data were historically analysed from the outbreak of smallpox to the period modern vaccination was introduced in 20th Century. The innovativeness of this study is to articulate how local people handled and interpreted disease conditions with their socio-cultural system and beliefs in contrast to the colonial perspectives and interventions in cases of illness and health among the Yoruba people of Africa in the colonial era. It is, therefore, against this background that this study provides a historical analysis of the Sopona pandemic among the Yoruba people of West Africa in colonial times.

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1 Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego

1 West Bohemian Historical Review

2 Oladiti A. A.

1 Ajibade S. I.

1 Oyewale G. M.

1 2022

1 2018

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The state, sectarian violence, and freedom of association in a secular context: the case of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria

The Sopona Pandemic among the Yoruba of West Africa: Local Interpretations and Colonial Interventions