An abridged history of the common life of the Ruthenian and Polish population of the Orthodox, Greek Catholic and Latin rites. The description of the mix population living in the area of the two joined countries: the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period before the Union of Brest (1595). The union was an agreement between the representatives of the laity and clergy belonging to the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Both parts had been preparing for this union for many years. Within the borders of the First Republic of Poland, the so-called ‘eastern schism’ was put to an end, and in Poland itself, the so-called Modus Vivendi was created for many nations, religions and rites. It was not an easy task, taking into account centuries-old tradition, customs and discipline in both Churches. A number of difficulties, prejudices and counterarguments had to be overcome and at the same time the subjectivity of both Churches (Catholic and Orthodox) had to be maintained. The representatives of the Orthodox Church who signed their names under the provisions of the Union of Brest recognized the authority of the Pope of Rome and adopted the teaching of the general councils of the Western Church. The Eastern Church, from then on called Uniate or Greek Catholic, kept its own administration and the liturgy of its own rite according to the Julian calendar. The provisions of the Union of Brest were approved by the Holy See in Rome. The process of the liturgical, legal and disciplinary reforms the Greek Catholic Church underwent lasted from the times of the Union of Brest to the Second Vatican Council. The period of the World War II was the time of a great crisis inside the Greek Catholic Church, which was connected with its relations with the Latin Church and other nations. The disgraceful thing that needs to be mentioned is the attitude of most of the Greek Catholic clergy towards the extreme Ukrainian nationalism during and after World War II. After World War II, the administration of the Greek Catholic Church was liquidated both in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czechoslovakia and the Polish People’s Republic.
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