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On the (im)possible Latin etymons of Polish jarmułka (‘yarmulke, skullcap’)

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Wolanin H.

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

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2015

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vol. 130

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issue 4

PL

The etymology of the Polish word jarmułka has become a subject of discussion in LingVaria (1.15: 113–124). Catalyst for the discussion was a paper written by B.A. Struminsky (1987), in which the author puts forward a thesis concerning the Latin origin of the word. The present paper constitutes a commentary in which the lexical status of the Latin word forms suggested as potential etymons of jarmułka, both in Struminsky’s paper and in the other works concerning the subject, published in the issue of LingVaria mentioned above, is interpreted from a Latinist’s perspective. Moreover, reference is also made to a paper by W.G. Plaut (1955), in which the author postulated the Latin etymology of jarmułka 30 years prior to the work of Struminsky.

2

Kwalifikacja gramatyczna wybranych indeklinabiliów w łacińskiej praktyce leksykograficznej

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Wolanin H.

Polonica

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2015

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vol. 35

25-37

EN

Classifying lexical items into functional classes, traditionally called parts of speech, is an important lexicographic tool serving to inform the dictionary’s readers about the most general, structural features of the lexical units being described. Yet, the problem of setting right criteria for the classification still remains unsolved, especially with reference to uninflected lexemes, devoid of formal inflectional features. The lack of clear and commonly accepted rules of differentiating between paricular kinds of indeclinable words characterizes also Latin grammatical theory and lexicography. As a result, the main Latin-Polish dictionaries differ in ascribing grammatical status to Latin uninflected lexemes like igitur, nam, utinam, num, quidem, itaque, an, praeter. The aim of this paper is to reflect on functional and syntactic status of Latin indeclinable words, and to suggest a solution for the above mentioned problem.

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The origin of the opposition πτωσις όρθη (ευθεια) - πτωσεις πλαγιαι (casus rectus - casus obliqui) in the linguistics of ancient Greece

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Wolanin H.

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

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2009

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vol. 126

PL

The opposition ptw'si" ojrqhv (eujqei'a) / ptwvsei" plavgiai, which with time began to expressthe contrast between the nominative and the oblique cases (casus rectus – casus obliqui) inthe grammatical tradition, first appeared in the Greek reflection on language most probably inthe circle of the Stoic doctrine, where it was used to determine the meanings of nouns perceivedfrom the point of view of their constituting elements of the predicative-argumentativestructures which formed propositions (ajxiwvmata). What justifies this statement is the fact thatin the framework of the Stoic dialectics concepts denoted by terms ojrqhv ptw'si" andplavgiai ptwvsei" were unambiguously situated in the sphere of the linguistically expressedcontent (ta; shmainovmena, ta; lektav) and used consistently in connection with the concept ofkathgovrhma (‘predicate’), that is the predicative content expressed by the verb. The analysisof the preserved records demonstrates that the term ojrqh; ptw'si" had a meaning of the subjectivepredicate argument (disregarding the value of the case of the noun which denoted it),whereas ptwvsei" plavgiai had the meaning of the non-subjective arguments implied bymulti-argument predicates. Therefore, in the Stoic dialectics the opposition ojrqh; ptw'si" /plavgiai ptwvsei" reflected the hierarchical differentiation of the status of the content expressedby the nouns perceived as arguments of the predicate within the proposition. Theseterms gained the meaning of the nominative and the oblique cases, respectively, only in thecircle of Hellenistic philologists, whose research and analyses were to a greater extent focusedon the formal side of linguistic signs (words). Those scholars used the terminological apparatusof the Stoic school, while introducing there some vital modifications, however. Withreference to the issue which interests us here, the modification consisted in the identificationof the Stoic ojrqh; ptw'si" with its most frequent language exponent, i.e. the noun in the nominative,and following the same principle, of the Stoic plavgiai ptwvsei" with nouns in theoblique cases. The Hellenistic philological school should probably also be ascribed the introductionof the term eujqei'a ptw'si" as a name of the nominative synonymous withojrqh; ptw'si", as there are no sufficient premises on which to attribute the use of the adjectiveeujquv" as an index of that case already to Aristotle.

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Linguistic Didacticism in the Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius

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Wolanin H.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2017

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vol. 27

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issue 3

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine the didactic value of the Attic Nights from the linguistic point of view, and precisely, from the point of view of Gellius’ teachings on the meanings of words. In this context it has been stated that the author makes his readers aware of new meanings gained by certain words when used in contemporary colloquial idiom, describes and interprets the mechanism which had generated those meanings, evaluates the results of the process of semantic change, and, finally, comments on the way some grammarians assess the usage of certain words in ancient literary texts. In effect, the paper concentrates on the passages where A. Gellius, referring to ancient (archaic and classical) literature, describes the semantic differences occurring in various words, depending on their usage, whether in literary or colloquial language, defines the linguistic mechanism giving rise to colloquial variants of different linguistic items, and presents in a critical light the influence of colloquial language on the way in which interpretation is made of particular words as they occur in literary texts.

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2 Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

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On the (im)possible Latin etymons of Polish jarmułka (‘yarmulke, skullcap’)

Kwalifikacja gramatyczna wybranych indeklinabiliów w łacińskiej praktyce leksykograficznej

The origin of the opposition πτωσις όρθη (ευθεια) - πτωσεις πλαγιαι (casus rectus - casus obliqui) in the linguistics of ancient Greece

Linguistic Didacticism in the Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius