Artykuł opisuje sposób projektowania i realizacji polityki klimatycznej w Republice Czeskiej. Jest ona krajem przemysłowym, w którym produkcja energii opiera się na paliwach stałych. Problemem jest wysoka energochłonność gospodarki oraz niewielki potencjał rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii. Istotną rolę w kształtowaniu polityki klimatycznej ma także kwestia energetyki atomowej. Republika Czeska mogłaby w dużym stopniu zwiększyć jej udział w produkcji energii, jednak na przeszkodzie stoi wieloletni brak decyzji politycznych. Autor artykułu podkreśla, jak istotna jest kwestia ochrony klimatu w czeskiej debacie politycznej, prezentuje przy tym wizje ochrony środowiska wypracowane przez najważniejsze czeskie partie polityczne. Istotną częścią artykułu jest przedstawienie międzynarodowych zobowiązań Republiki Czeskiej na rzecz ochrony klimatu i stopnia ich realizacji.
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The article describes the way of planning and executing of climate politics in the Czech Republic. It is an industrial country where energy production is based on solid fuels. The problems are high energy-consuming economy and poor development potential of renewable energy sources. Nuclear power issue is also crucial for shaping the climate politics. The Czech Republic could increase its share in energy production to a great extent but the lack of appropriate political decisions, lasting for many years, is one of the obstacles. The author of the article emphasizes how crucial environmental protection issues are for the Czech political debate and, at the same time, he presents different visions of environmental protection elaborated by the most important Czech political parties. A crucial part of the article is devoted to the presentation of international obligations of the Czech Republic in favour of environmental protection and the degree of their execution.
This article analyzes politics of European Union towards Eastern European countries during Czech presidency. At this period EU was more interest in Eastern Europę. Although it wasn’t a result of planned EU politics, but a conseąuence of double crisis: armed conflict between Georgia and Russia and the gas dispute between Russia and Ukrainę. In the time of Czech presidency the agreement on the project of Eastern Partnership had been reached, but we can not regard that it changed the politics towards the post-soviet neighbours. Czech presidency, a had paid attention to the Eastern Europę. Nevertheless it didn’t change the most important - eastern politics of EU didn’tbecome a priority in EU foreign policy. The Community hasn’tstill realise the scalę of problems which countries in this region are suffering. However we can notblame Czech Republic for that fact. The effects of Czech presidency in Eastern politics can be regarded as a reflect of possibilities and involvement of EU as a whole.
The change of the political regime in Czechoslovakia, called the Velvet Revolution, is considered as a success story of transformation after 1989. However, in nowadays Czech Republic, the Communist Party still exists – this is the only such case among democratic countries of Central Europe. It makes us ask the question: is the Velvet Revolution completed? The author treats the activities of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia as a criterion for the assessment of changes in the Czech Republic after 1989 and wonders how strong for the assessment of the transformation influences the relics of the former regime. He stresses that transformation in the Czech Republic can’t be assessed on a comparative scale, because pace and effects of changes were different in different countries, as different was the nature of the previous regimes. The author concludes that the existence of the Communist Party is the natural element of contemporary political reality of the Czech Republic, which negates the achievements of transformation in no way.
Author analyzed the programs of all Czech political parties which have their representatives in the Chamber of Deputies in the parliamentary term 2013–2017, assuming that political programs are a reflection of the public discourse, and of the public eye. Security is one of the most important categories in the programs of Czech political parties, in some literally the most important, however, this importance is determined through quantitative, not qualitative, perspective. Diagnosis and solutions are similar in all cases, what allows to conclude that security is not a factor differentiating the Czech political scene.
Vaclav Klaus is an example of a politician who can combine liberał and conservative ideas. The division line goes between an economic sphere and a political and social one. In the economic sphere, Klaus supports a free market which functions on the basis of economic rights only. He emphasizes a fundamental meaningof private property and the freedom of business activity. He also indicates that satisfying your individual needs and ambitions, and not an altruistic activity in favour of other people, is the base of progress. However, he presents his conservative opinions in social issues and those related to the philosophy of life. Klaus is an adversary of the so-called civic society, because he thinks that in a democratic order the citizens’ activity should be organised within the frameworks of a party system. He criticises non-governmental organizations, especially ecological movements, which he accuses of the desire to stop progress of civilisation and economic development. In case of Klaus, we do not deal with an effort to "liberalise” conservative ideas but with equal co-existence of liberał and conservative views within the frameworks of one attitude. It should be emphasised thatviews presented by Klaus sińce the beginning of his public activity have been constant and - which is rare in case of an active politician - they seem not to be subjectto a political situation.