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EN
This article analyses translations of Ep. 5,27 by Marsilius Ficinus (Veritas de institutione principis): the work of an anonymous translator (perhaps Ř. Hrubý) and a later translation by O. Velenský. The article also analyses translations of Historia Bohemica by Aeneas Silvius (Konáč, 1510; Adam, 1585). The first Ficinus translation simplifies the ancient realia, avoids Latin infinitive constructions and translates some words with two expressions (multiplication). Velenský imitates Latin grammar in Czech. Konáč adheres to the verbum e verbo method, but substitutes words considered critical by Utraquist readers. Adam translates faithfully, but like the first translator of Ficinus, he uses multiplication and explicates within the translation. The translation style for the more literarily challenging texts was influenced by the translators’/publishers’ estimation of the readers’ skills.
EN
In a Munich University library catalogue, Petr Voit has found that the second edition of the first grammar of Czech by Beneš Optát, Petr Gzel and Václav Philomath Grammatyka česká (1533), published in Nuremberg in 1543 is not missing, and that a unique (as far as we currently know) preserved copy can be found in this fonds under shelf no. 0014/W 8 Philol. 748#1. The aim of this study is to present previous reports on this second edition of the grammar in the literature (I), to describe the preserved Munich copy (II), to compare it with the first edition, and to indicate the options for interpreting and comparing with others, particularly the transcription of the Nuremberg edition in Gramatika česká by Jan Blahoslav (III). The conclusion summarizes the issue in several points and questions — relating to the prints under comparison and the difference between a) the phonology (historical grammar) in the 16th century printed texts; b) the orthography and typography in the 16th century printed texts; and c) the publishing technology appropriate for 16th century Czech texts. Not least, questions are formulated on the Grammatika česká manuscript (IV).
CS
Petr Voit zjistil v katalogu mnichovské univerzitní knihovny, že druhé vydání první mluvnice češtiny Beneše Optáta, Petra Gzela a Václava Philomatha Grammatyka česká (1533), vydané v Norimberku roku 1543, není nezvěstné a že pod signaturou 0014/W 8 Philol. 748#1 se v tomto fondu nachází její — pokud dnes víme — unikátně dochovaný exemplář. Cílem této studie je představit dosavadní zprávy o tomto druhém vydání mluvnice v literatuře (I), popsat dochovaný mnichovský exemplář (II) a srovnat ho s vydáním prvním a naznačit možnost výkladu a srovnání dalších, hlavně s opisem norimberské edice v Gramatice české Jana Blahoslava (III). Závěr shrnuje problematiku do několika bodů a otázek — týkají se kromě srovnávaných tisků diference mezi a) fonologií (historickou gramatikou) v tištěných textech 16. století; b) ortografií a typografií v tištěných textech 16. století; c) ediční techniky vhodné pro české texty z 16. století. V neposlední řadě jsou formulovány otázky týkající se rukopisu Grammatika česká (IV).
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Veleslavínská čeština a veleslavínská doba

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EN
This article examines the meaning and origins of what are nowadays common terms - "veleslavínská čeština" (Weleslawinian Czech) and "veleslavínská doba" (Weleslawinian Period) - in philological literature between the death of the Prague printer Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (1599) and the texts of Josef Jungmann in the 19th century. Moreover, the study considers the work of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín as a language authority in this period (I). Text testimonia (in Latin, German and Czech) document the development of the idea from Balbín´s work Bohemia docta and the adoption of formulations and views among N. A. Voigt, F. F. Procházka and J. Dobrovský. Weleslawina ceased to be effective as an all-round language authority after the orthography dispute between J. Nejedlý and J. Jungmann. In many of the texts under review the name "Weleslawina" was only a symbolic representation of the entire epoch (II). The conclusion puts forward several options for the philological examination of the language of texts associated (even loosely) with Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (III).
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EN
This article is a report on the talks in The Circle of the Friends of the Czech Language in the academic year 2014/2015.
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