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Rozwój amerykańskiej agencji kredytów eksportowych

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Dorożyńska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. M. S. G.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2008
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vol. 221
EN
The Export-Import Bank of the United States is the government's official export credit agency (ECA). EX-IM Bank is mandated to provide U.S. exporters with financing terms and conditions that are competitive with those made available by foreign governments to their exporters. The purpose of this article is to trace EX-IM Bank from its early activity through postwar reconstruction to adjustment its practices to rapidly changing circumstances and to evaluate how EX-IM Bank used guarantees, insurance and managed its business.
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Rola Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) Bankengruppe w finansowaniu niemieckiego eksportu

100%
Dorożyńska A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. M. S. G.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2007
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vol. 209
EN
The purpose of this article is to describe the role of the institutional framework for use of officially supported export credits by Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) Bankengruppe. The German government provides export - financing assistance for banks and exporters through several private and public institutions. Federal Government export credit financing schemes are a crucial instrument for promoting foreign trade. The K1W as the government’s official export credit agency (ECA) is mandated to provide german exporters with financing terms and conditions that are competitive with those made available by foreign governments to their exporters.
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Rola promocji miasta w rozwoju lokalnej gospodarki na przykładzie Łodzi

51%
Midera A., Dorożyńska A., Dorożyński T., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. M. S. G.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2007
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vol. 204
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the role of the city management and promotion and its influence on Lodz’s development. Promotion of Lodz in general and then the marketing of specific opportunities within the region is a necessary prerequisite for the achievement of progress across all economic development objectives. In recent years, the city of Lodz has undertaken initiatives to create an attractive environment for economic development. The authors point out that in order to increase the competitiveness of the city and the region it is crucial to develop an economic development strategy in which regional partnerships are built and strategic partnerships with the private sector are developed. Local government should take an active role in coordinating the activities of city departments involved in planning, building and land management and budgeting and creating active with the technical and planning links. The authors indicate how the public sector could promote its strategic development objectives through more effective local government practices, proactive urban planning and the delivery of physical infrastructure, and social services in cooperation with the private sector.
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