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Z doświadczeń młodego badacza – relacja z prac nad inwentaryzacją pieczęci z zespołu Archiwum Dóbr Gołuchowskich w zasobie Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie

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Dyżlą P.

Archiva Ecclesiastica

2021

issue 14

13-31

In this paper I will present my experience with the work on seals applied to documents from the collection of the so-called Archives of the Gołuchów Estate (hereinafter ADG), in the collection of the Archdiocesan Archive in Gniezno (hereinafter AAG). First of all, I will present the history of the collection, then the work of the team on the so-called treasure from the cathedral, next, a few words on the archival and processing. In conclusion, I will share my personal observations on the functioning of a young researcher embarking on his or her “adventure” with archives, using the AAG’s collection as an example. A collection of the documents from the so-called Gołuchowski Dominion, which was the noble estates of the Swinarski, Krzycki, Chlebowski and Suchorzewski families, found its way to the parish church in Tursk in the 19th century. It remained there until 1964, when, on the advice of the then director of the AAG, Rev. Władysław Zientarski, the archives were transferred to the Gniezno archive. In February 2016, it was rediscovered by a team of students from the Faculty of History of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań led by Prof. UAM, dr hab. Piotr Pokora. After the initial identification of the material, the work on the inventory of the ADG was entrusted to Adam Konrad Bigosiński. Then, in 2018, I undertook the description of the seals applied to the documents from the ADG. So far, 131 seals have been described and preserved in 321 copies. These seals are applied to documents dating from 1554 to 1928 and belonged to various modern dispositors. Among the secular officials the following should be mentioned: kings of Poland; offices – mainly the Crown Tribunal in Piotrków and Bydgoszcz, the Land Court in Kalisz, as well as the cities institutions of Poznań and Pyzdry; officials of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – mainly general starosts of Greater Poland and other functionaries from all over the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; as well as the confederation of the Łomżyca Land; military units of the Crown49 and the Kingdom of Prussia; private individuals – noblemen of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish clergy. Among the ecclesiastical owners, it is worth mentioning the monastic convents of the orders of St Clare and St John the Baptist, as well as the cathedral chapters in Gniezno and the Turów parish, and church dignitaries – archbishops and bishops, as well as archdeacons and provosts of the Gniezno archdiocese. Despite many years of research, it has not been possible to fully compile all of the sphragistic material. This is due to the poor state of preservation of some of the imprints or the lack of information about their owners. Nevertheless, the analysis of the source material has made it possible to obtain a lot of information and to draw some important conclusions. The seal was not an essential means of authenticating a document. The sigillatory formula was affixed very rarely – mainly on records originating from the royal and church chancellery and also by private individuals. All seals in ADG are the so-called sigillum impressum, i.e. a seal placed directly on a document. They are made of wax covered with a piece of paper, the so-called custodium, lacquer and ink. The seals of the ADG are circular, oval and octagonal in shape. The most common type is the coat of arms type, followed by the hagiographical type. Seal legends are executed in majuscule and composed in arrangements: Initiating word (sigillum / seal ) + dispositor + functions of dispositor. Dispenser + functions of the dispenser. The first of these occurs mainly on official seals. The second is found on almost all other sigils. Apart from presenting the conclusions concerning sigillography, the work also contains general advice for potential young researchers – students who would like to undertake work on original source material in the archive. The searcher should check the availability of sources and also make an appointment to visit the archive. Furthermore, before going to the institution, they need to organise their working equipment – gloves and a caliper. While being there, he or she should consult an inventory or catalogue to order the appropriate archival units. Finally, he or she should make use of the archive staff’s assistance in an appropriate and courteous manner.

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1 Archiva Ecclesiastica

1 Dyżlą P.

1 2021

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Z doświadczeń młodego badacza – relacja z prac nad inwentaryzacją pieczęci z zespołu Archiwum Dóbr Gołuchowskich w zasobie Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie