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Alternatywne cele przedsiębiorstwa w teorii menedżerskiej i behawioralnej

100%
Przybylska K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2018
|
issue 5(977)
43-61
PL
Określenie celu działalności przedsiębiorstwa jest jedną ze spornych kwestii we współczesnej teorii przedsiębiorstwa. O ile cel taki został jasno sformułowany w teorii neoklasycznej (maksymalizacja zysku), o tyle we współczesnych koncepcjach trudno znaleźć konsensus w tym zakresie. Krytyczne spojrzenie na neoklasyczny model przedsiębiorstwa stało się podstawą do sformułowania alternatywnych teorii przedsiębiorstwa, takich jak teorie menedżerskie i teoria behawioralna. W teoriach tych można wyodrębnić dwojakie postrzeganie celów jego funkcjonowania, a mianowicie: teorie zakładające istnienie jednego głównego celu, ale innego niż maksymalizacja zysku (teorie menedżerskie), oraz teorie zakładające, że firmy realizują wiązkę celów (teoria behawioralna). W artykule zaprezentowano główne założenia i idee menedżerskiej i behawioralnej teorii przedsiębiorstwa. Prezentacja ta stanowi podstawę określenia celów działalności firm, które warunkują podejmowanie decyzji ekonomicznych.
EN
Defining company goals is one of the more difficult problems in the modern theory of firms. While such a goal has been clearly formulated in neoclassical theory (profit maximisation), in all modern conceptions it is difficult to find a consensus. A critical look at the neoclassical enterprise model has become the basis for the formulation of alternative business theories, such as managerial and behavioural theories. In these theories, two types of perception of objectives can be identified: theories assuming the existence of one main goal, other than the maximisation of profits (managerial theories) and theories assuming that companies implement a bundle of goals (behavioural theory). This article presents the main assumptions and ideas in managerial and behavioural theory in enterprise. This presentation is the basis for identifying the business objectives of companies that determine economic decision-making.
2
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Born global – nowa generacja małych polskich przedsiębiorstw

100%
Przybylska K.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
|
2010
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vol. 241
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issue 7-8
63-84
EN
The article proposes a new approach to the process of internationalization of the firm. According to the author, international economists are increasingly critical of the traditional, stage approach to this process. Both theoretical discussions and empirical evidence question this approach, according to Przybylska. A growing number of companies, especially small and medium-sized ones, are going international in their operations far sooner than suggested by the traditional approach to internationalization. Firms that that compete internationally from their earliest stages, often bypassing the domestic market, are referred to as born global firms. The traditional approach to the internationalization process fails to explain why born global firms decide to compete on foreign markets immediately or soon after launching their operations. This means that born globals challenge the traditional theory of internationalization, Przybylska says. The author proposes a new approach to born globals to explain why a growing number of Polish small and medium-sized enterprises decide to compete internationally from their earliest stages. The author also sets out to highlight the characteristic features of this process. An additional aim is to show the differences between the traditional and new approaches to the internationalization of the firm. To achieve these goals, Przybylska formulates two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis holds that the traditional models of internationalization do not fully explain this process, especially with regard to small and medium-sized businesses. The other hypothesis is that there is a growing number of born globals among small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. To confirm these hypotheses, the author conducted a survey. The obtained data proved both research hypotheses right, the author concludes.
3
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Pomiar internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstwa

100%
Przybylska K.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
|
2006
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vol. 206
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issue 3
41-57
EN
The degree of internationalization of enterprises is determined by the intensity and scope of their business activity on foreign markets. Enterprises are subject to increasing internationalization in the context of globalization, which also applies to Polish enterprises. However, the actual level of internationalization is unknown because it has not been the subject of research so far. The article consequently sets out to: - review scientific achievements in measuring enterprise internationalization to date - verify and assess the usefulness of the most popular indicator known as the transnationality index (TNI) - propose modifications in this index - promote interest among researchers and businesspeople in methods to measure the internationalization of Polish enterprises. In the empirical part of the article, on the basis of a list of the world’s 100 largest corporations compiled by UNCTAD in 2004, the author developed six analytical indicators and one composite indicator to measure the internationalization of enterprises. A comparison of the results of the research shows that there is no relationship between the analytical measures and the composite indicator. This calls for a search for better methods to measure enterprise internationalization, hence the proposal to modify the method for calculating the ITA, ITS and ITZ analytical indices, which make up the TNI index. The principal difference is based on changing the content of these indices so that the internationalization of assets, sales and employment in a given corporation is measured in relation to the corresponding values for all transnational corporations. The analytical indices of internationalization calculated in this way as the basis for the TNI index should better reflect the actual level of internationalization.
4

Obszary ochrony zachowawczej w parkach narodowych jako punkt odniesienia dla rozwoju zrównoważonej gospodarki leśnej

51%
Zięba S., Przybylska K., Banaś J., Bujoczek L.
Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy
|
2014
|
issue 4(38)
145-153
PL
Idea zrównoważonej i wielofunkcyjnej gospodarki leśnej promuje poszukiwanie wzorców hodowli lasu w obiektach naturalnych i wyłączonych z gospodarowania. Jest to zadanie trudne ze względu na dużą powierzchnię lasów, długowieczność i złożoność ekosystemów leśnych. Prezentowana praca jest przykładem badań, z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych statystyczno-matematycznych metod inwentaryzacji i okresowej kontroli lasu. Badania wykonano na obszarze 295 ha, w objętych ochroną zachowawczą lasach Roztoczańskiego Parku Narodowego. Uzyskane rezultaty badań odnoszą się do okresu pomiarowego 1996–2009. Ujawniają one kilka ważnych dla praktyki informacji: 1) w różnych warunkach siedliskowych mogą być realizowane różne warianty gatunkowego złożenia drzewostanów, bez naruszenia ich stabilności; 2) struktura gatunkowa drzewostanów ulega fluktuacji w czasie, zaś naturalne kształtowanie relacji gatunków jest wyrazem aktualnych warunków ich rozwoju; 3) w okresie pomiarowym nastąpiła wyraźna ekspansja buka i grabu. Tendencje przeciwne dotyczyły jodły i dębu; 4) dominacja buków w najniższej warstwie lasu (90%) może być sygnałem kształtowania w przyszłości naturalnych, ubogich gatunkowo, a nawet litych, drzewostanów bukowych.
EN
The idea of sustainable and multifunctional forest management promotes the search for reference of silviculture in natural objects and excluded from management. It is a difficult task due to the large areas of forest, longevity and complexity of forest ecosystems. The presented paper is an example of research using modern statistical and mathematical methods of inventory and periodic control of the forest. The study was performed in the area of 295 ha, strictly protected forests in the Roztocze National Park. The obtained results of research related to the measurement period 1996-2009. They reveal some important information for the practice: (1) in different site conditions can be implemented various species composition of forest stands without disturbing their stability; (2) species structure stands fluctuate over time, and the natural formation of species is an expression of the relationship of current conditions for their development; (3) in the measurement period there was a significant expansion of beech and hornbeam. Opposite trends were observed related to fir and oak; (4) dominance of beech trees in the lowest layer of the forest (90%) may be signal of the future development of natural species-poor, and even solid, beech stands.
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