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1

O potrzebie regulacji fundacji niesamodzielnej w prawie polskim (?)

100%

Szpura E.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 2

23-53

EN

The roots of foundations go back to Roman Law, in which they functioned as units without a legal personality. In most cases, foundations had the form of a legacy or donatio sub modo for the benefit of existing persons. The currently-binding legal framework lacks even a general concept of a charitable trust. In fact, no legal system includes a legal definition of a charitable trust. Such a legal status is unacceptable. Does it mean that it is impossible to establish such a trust in practice? A charitable trust cannot be treated only as resulting from the “concept” of property management in accordance with the founder’s will. This concept cannot form the basis for detailed legal opinions. In such a situation, it seems essential to find the basis for its lawful activities and related detailed legal assessment. In this article I am going to attempt to set the direction for discussion and point out the consequences of this interpretation of the subject matter.

2

FUNDACJA EUROPEJSKA. MIĘDZY ORZECZNICTWEM A PROCESEM INTEGRACJI EUROPEJSKIEJ

100%

Szpura E.

Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 23

EN

The thesis aims to describe the process of European integration in the social and economic fields. The increase in the social participation of non-Governmental Organisations in the work of the European Union and the strengthening of their positions by EU instruments have resulted from the implementation of the assumptions of the so-called Lisbon Strategy. The main assumption of the presented considerations is to show the process of the formation of new European Union regulations. The reason for initiating legislative activities for charity outside the borders of the EU countries is the number of judgements of the European Court of Justice forbidding discrimination againstorganisations from different EU countries. The thesis aims to present the results of analyses obtained under the Feasibility Study commissioned by the European Commission, public consultations and the role of the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ongoing legislative process.

PL

Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim

3

Stowarzyszenie zwykłe w świetle zmian kodeksu cywilnego przeprowa- dzonych ustawą z dnia 14 lutego 2003 r.

100%

Szpura E.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

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2013

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vol. LXXXIX (89)

135-153

EN

The status of an incorporated association is subject to a continued doctrinal dispute between those who believe that such an association is an agreement of a contractual kind and the exponents of the view that it is an organisational entity with limited legal capacity. This dispute has been going on for years and did not end after the new Associations Act was introduced in 1989, or after the 2003 amendments to the Civil Code. The amendment to the Civil Code established a new category of entities in civil law, i.e. the so-called unincorporated legal entity (Article 331 of the Civil Code). The purpose of this publication is to answer the question of whether an unincorporated association can fall within this category or it should continue to be perceived in terms of an organisational relationship between entities. Indeed, the amended Civil Code fails to provide a definitive solution to this issue, so the doctrinal dispute goes on. In order for the association to receive the status of a legal entity, one must establish when it is organisationally independent enough, and then legislate on the relevant requirements in this area. Indeed, at the heart of the many self-conflicting doctrinal theories is the legislator’s failure to clearly define which entities are granted legal capacity. Also, the status of unincorporated associations must be viewed in terms of the provision that governs the liability for obligations assumed by unincorporated legal entities.

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1 Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

1 Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe

1 Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

3 Szpura E.

3 2013

O potrzebie regulacji fundacji niesamodzielnej w prawie polskim (?)

FUNDACJA EUROPEJSKA. MIĘDZY ORZECZNICTWEM A PROCESEM INTEGRACJI EUROPEJSKIEJ

Stowarzyszenie zwykłe w świetle zmian kodeksu cywilnego przeprowa- dzonych ustawą z dnia 14 lutego 2003 r.