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The impact of the position of the head on the functioning of the human body: a systematic review

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Szczygieł E., Fudacz N., Golec J., Golec E.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 5
559-568
EN
The head is an important element of the biokinetic chain. Under physiological conditions, it should extend along the midline of the body. Due to its location and the fact that it constitutes approx. 6% of the total body weight, many authors believe it has a significant impact on its functioning. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature search and to synthesize the evidence of the impact of the head posture on the functioning of the human body. A systematic review was conducted within 3 databases: PubMed, Medline OVID, and EBSCO, using the following terms: “forward head,” “posture,” “position,” and “neck.” For the analysis, scientific articles published after 2013 were selected. A total of 16 studies matched the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. Their results have proven that the position of the head has a significant effect on the human body. Research findings show that abnormal head position changes affect muscle activity, proprioception, the pattern of breathing and neck pain. This is the first systematic review of the relationship between the head posture, and the functioning of the human body. The results of this study seem to be promising if used in therapeutic practice.
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Ocena dobrostanu psychicznego oraz wypalenia zawodowego u pracowników medycznych po roku od wybuchu pandemii COVID-19

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Golec J., Nowak M., Malinowski M.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2024
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vol. XXIV
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issue 2
23-37
EN
Introduction: The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic situation posed a significant risk of burnout and negative effects on the mental health of health care workers (HCWs). Material and methods: The study group consisted of 97 HCWs who were actively employed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess their mental well-being, the following tools were used: the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), the Stress Perception Questionnaire (SPQ), the Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress (COPE), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: Significant differences were found in the use of stress coping strategies depending on age, gender, and years of work experience. 39% of HCWs exhibited a high level of Psychophysical exhaustion (LBQ), while 42% showed subthreshold insomnia. Individual dimensions of stress from the Stress Perception Questionnaire (SPQ) significantly and positively correlated with LBQ and ISI. Conclusions: It is recommended that the mental health of HCWs should be continuously monitored and that they should develop the ability to implement appropriate coping strategies in crisis situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which may reduce the effects of stress, the impact of which on burnout and insomnia was demonstrated in this study.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Przedłużająca się sytuacja pandemii COVID-19 stanowiła istotne ryzyko wypalenia zawodowego oraz negatywnych skutków dla zdrowia psychicznego u pracowników medycznych. Materiał i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 97 pracowników medycznych czynnych zawodowo w pierwszym roku pandemii COVID-19. Do oceny dobrostanu psychicznego wykorzystano: Kwestionariusz Wypalenia Zawodowego (LBQ), Kwestionariusz Poczucia Stresu (KPS), Wielowymiarowy Inwentarz do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem (COPE) oraz Skalę Nasilenia Bezsenności (ISI). Wyniki: Wykazano istotne różnice w zakresie stosowanych strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem w zależności od wieku, płci i stażu pracy. 39% przebadanych medyków wykazało wysoki poziom Wyczerpania psychofizycznego (LBQ), a 42% uzyskało wynik świadczący o bezsenności podprogowej. Poszczególne wymiary stresu KPS korelowały istotnie i dodatnio z LBQ oraz ISI. Wnioski: Zaleca się stałe monitorowanie zdrowia psychicznego pracowników medycznych oraz rozwijanie zdolności do uruchomienia odpowiednich strategii radzenia sobie w sytuacji kryzysowej, jaką stanowiła pandemia COVID-19, co może zmniejszyć skutki stresu, którego wpływ na wypalenie zawodowe oraz bezsenność wykazano w niniejszych badaniach.
3
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Stress and burnout syndrome among health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Golec J., Nowak M., Malinowski M., Szczygieł E., Golec E.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2023
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vol. XXIII
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issue 1
25-45
PL
Wprowadzenie: W trakcie trwania pandemii COVID-19 obciążenie pracą oraz fizyczne i psychiczne wyczerpanie były coraz większe, szczególnie wśród pracowników ochrony zdrowia (POZ). Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 50 osób w wieku od 25 do 64 lat – 37 kobiet i 13 mężczyzn. Byli to: fizjoterapeuci (48%), pielęgniarki (30%), lekarze (22%), aktywni zawodowo w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Badanie przeprowadzono w okresie od czerwca do października 2020 r. w formie ankiety on-line. Wykorzystano kwestionariusze COPE, LBQ i ISI. Wyniki: Analiza wypalenia zawodowego (LBQ) i jego poszczególnych aspektów wykazała, że Brak zaangażowania w relacje z klientem (pacjentem) był istotnie wyższy w grupie ze stażem pracy do 5 lat oraz 15–24 lat niż w grupie ze stażem 25–35 lat. Poczucie braku skuteczności zawodowej i Rozczarowanie były istotnie wyższe (p %lt; 0.05) w grupie z najwyższym stażem pracy. 30% ankietowanych pracowników medycznych uzyskało wynik ISI wskazujący na obecność bezsenności podprogowej, a 28% bezsenności klinicznej. Analiza korelacji pomiędzy wynikami COPE a LBQ wykazała ujemną korelację pomiędzy Wyczerpaniem psychofizycznym (LBQ) a Zwrotem ku religii (p = 0,032). Brak zaangażowania w relacje z klientem (LBQ) ujemnie korelował z takimi strategiami (COPE) jak: Aktywne radzenie sobie (p = 0,048), Planowanie (p = 0,006), Pozytywne przewartościowanie i rozwój (p < 0.001). Poczucie braku skuteczności zawodowej (LBQ) było ujemnie skorelowane ze strategiami Akceptacji (p = 0,017) i Brakiem zaangażowania (p = 0,021). Rozczarowanie dodatnio korelowało ze strategią Pozytywne przewartościowanie i rozwój (p = 0,024). Wnioski: Pandemia COVID-19 miała wpływ na rozwój wypalenia zawodowego badanych pracowników ochrony zdrowia, zwłaszcza wypalenia związanego z wyczerpaniem psychofizycznym, poczuciem braku skuteczności i poczuciem rozczarowania. Wpłynęło to na cykl snu. W obliczu wypalenia sugeruje się warsztaty poznawczo-behawioralne.
EN
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, workload and physical and mental exhaustion became more extensive, especially among health care workers (HCWs). Material and Methods: This study involved 50 people aged 25 to 64, of whom 37 were women and 13 men. These HCWs were physiotherapists (48%), nurses (30%) and physicians (22%), all professionally active during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted between June and October 2020, using an on-line survey. The COPE, LBQ and ISI questionnaires were used. Results: Analysis of occupational burnout (LBQ) and its various aspects showed that the Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) was significantly higher among those with up to five years and between 15 and 24 years of experience than in the group with 25–35 years of experience. Sense of professional ineffectiveness and Disappointment were significantly higher (p %lt; 0.05) in the group with the most work experience. 30% of the medical workers surveyed obtained a result indicating subliminal insomnia (ISI) and 28% – clinical insomnia. Comparison of COPE and LBQ scores showed that Psychophysical exhaustion (LBQ) correlated negatively with Religious coping (p = 0.032). Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) (LBQ) correlated negatively with such strategies (COPE) as Active coping (p = 0.048), Planning (p=0.006), Positive reinterpretation and growth (p < 0.001). Sense of professional ineffectiveness (LBQ) correlated negatively with Acceptance strategies (p = 0.017) and Behavioral disengagement (p = 0.021). Disappointment correlated positively with the Positive reinterpretation and growth strategy (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the development of burnout amongst the HCWs surveyed, especially that related to psychophysical exhaustion, a sense of lack of effectiveness and a sense of disappointment. The sleep cycle was affected. Cognitive-behavioral oriented workshops are recommended when facing burnout.
4
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Assessing the impact of certain exercises on the spatial head posture

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Szczygieł E., Sieradzki B., Masłoń A., Golec J., Czechowska D., Węglarz K., Szczygieł R., Golec E.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2019
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vol. 32
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issue 1
43-51
EN
Objectives The head constitutes 6% of the total body weight, which is linked to the cervical spine and all other joints through the kinematic chain by various muscles. The forward head posture is one of the most common postural disorders and seems to be especially dangerous. The goal of the work was to assess the impact of 4 weeks of training neck and nape muscles on the head posture. Material and Methods The subjects were 20 participants, who performed neck exercises for 20 days. The head posture in a sagittal and frontal plane was assessed photogrammetrically twice: before and after the exercises. The following have been used for the assessment: craniovertebral (CV) angle, head tilt angle (HT), and frontal head tilt angle (FHT). Results After a 20-day program of neck and nape exercises the values of specific angles were compared. The results indicated significant changes in the head posture. In the sagittal plane: the average value of the CV angle before the training was 47.17°, and 50.82° after the training; the average value of the HT angle before the exercises was at 20.99°, and 24.31° after. In the frontal plane the average value of the FHT angle before the exercises was at 2.71°, and after 20 days of training the average value of this angle decreased to 2°. Conclusions The results demonstrate that a short, home-based targeted exercise program can improve head posture. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(1):43–51
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