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In the Defence of Internalism. Searle vs. Putnam

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Gajewski K.
Filozofia Nauki
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2008
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vol. 16
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issue 3-4
177-190
PL
The article concerns the problem of reference in general, and the controversy internalism - externalism in particular. The author presents and discusses John R. Searle's criticism of Hilary Putnam's famous arguments for causal theory of reference: the elms-beech example and the Twin Earth example. Instead of external theory of reference Searle proposes his own intentional theory of reference. According to that theory the reference of a name is determined by intentional content of that name. The name is used properly only when used to indicate an object contained in its intentional content. On the ground of intentional theory of reference this feature of names is called casual self-referentiality. Searle underlines that intentional content is not necessarily verbal. In fact he allows non-conceptual, for example perceptual content. The problem of direct reference is closely connected to the question of de dicto and de re beliefs. In conclusion some drawbacks of Searle's theory are shown. Namely allowing object a name refers to to be a part of the intentional content of the name Searle seems to be very close external theory of reference he is fighting against.
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No comment. Z poetyki komentarza elektronicznego

100%
Gajewski K.
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich
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2013
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vol. 56/112 z. 2
111-127
EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze electronic comment as a new genre of speech. At the beginning the state of the art is presented. The history of comment in manuscript printed books is outlined, as well as main functions of comment. Then two kinds of post- -typografical comments are indicated: programming comment and Internet comment. The article limits its scope to the last one. The research based on a case of a news taken from a popular Polish language Internet portal. Seven types of comments are discovered: an approval, a question/desideratum, an amplification/a dialog, a correction, a disapproval, an impression, a parasitism. Three most numerously represented groups happen to be a disapproval, an impression, and a parasitism. In the conclusion a hypothesis explaining the phenomenon is proposed.
3

Niewystarczalnosc mitu. „Teraz na ciebie zaglada” Jerzego Andrzejewskiego

100%
Gajewski K.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2013
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vol. 104
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issue 2
69–82
EN
The article contains an analysis and interpretation of Jerzy Andrzejewski’s novel Now Your Extermination. Initially, it presents remarks about the style and the text’s rhetoric strategies. Next, the considerations focus on the mode of detailed specification of the topos of paradise present in the text, which is depicted in the naturalist poetics. In the following part, it discusses the moral issues raised in the work, as well as indicates, after German Ritz, a possibility of reading the text in the perspective of queer studies. Subsequent point of consideration is the problem of the mode of Andrzejewski’s presenting the original sin and the source of evil. Recalled are two found in the novel and engaged in dialogue holistic depictions of first people history, leading to dissimilar answers to the question concerning “unde malum”. The author, resorting to Judeo-Christian staffage, offers a response situated in the secular trend.
4
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Taming transgression. Literary representations of Cain

100%
Gajewski K.
Nauka
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2017
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issue 2
PL
The aim of this article is to analyze and interpret way in which a topos of Cain was evoked in literary works and other texts of culture in the light of the concept of transgression. An approach adapted in analysis will be inspired by comparative hermeneutics, yet not only literary contexts will be taken into consideration, but also religious, philosophical, and scientific ones. In the very structure of the topos one can discern a series of binary oppositions, which become valuated in various ways in different historical contexts. It is above all the opposition between destructive and constructive component of the theme. Interpretations of the topos in the works of George Byron, Władysław Orkan, and Jerzy Andrzejewski are discussed deeper. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the historical development of a significant change in its valuation is taking place. Regarded as a symbol of evil in the Middle Ages, it is ennobled as a patron of rebels, reformers and creators in the twentieth century.
5
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The problem of literary form according to Kenneth Burke

100%
Gajewski K.
Nauka
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2007
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issue 4
EN
The article presents Kenneth Burke's concept of literary form. According to Burke, literary form arouses and fulfills reader's desires. Burke presents several types or aspects of form, such as syllogistic progression, qualitative progression, repetitive form, conventional form and minor form. On the one hand, this repertoire of apparently heterogenic literary forms is compatible with traditional literary terms, but on the other hand, the notion of literary form can be applied, in Kantian manner, to human experience and sensual perception in general. Therefore, the question about the specificity of literature and the relation of form and content emerges. One of the suggested answers is that the function of literature is to propose symbols, which are patterns of human experience and play a compensatory role.
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