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Flaubert et la caricature : l’exigence de la modernité

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Poyet T.

Quêtes littéraires

2020

issue 10

Caricatured at times by his contemporaries, Flaubert provokes extreme reactions. In his Correspondence, he dares to present a plethora of caricatures which suit his moods and his opinions, excelling in hyperbole and emphasis. A word of his own summed it up: « hénaurrrme ». Besides, his most memorable characters are caricatures: Emma – of love, Bouvard and Pécuchet – of stupidity, Félicité of Un cœur simple – of kindness. In Flaubert’s factory, the incarnation is intrinsically linked to deformation, itself degraded into a parody. Because the caricature in Flaubert is part of a nihilistic thought: the novelist participates in a general deconstruction of bourgeois society by an obviously political caricature even if the writer refrains from using the work as a platform, in the name of “autotelism” of art. Basically, it is Flaubert’s modernity that justifies his taste and the use of caricature.

Quelquefois caricaturé par ses contemporains, Flaubert suscite les réactions dans l'outrance, lui qui ose dans sa Correspondance abonder dans la caricature selon ses humeurs et ses opinions en excellant dans l'hyperbole et l ’emphase. Un mot de son cru le résume : « hénaurrrme ». Au demeurant, ses personnages les plus mémorables sont des caricatures : de l'amour avec Emma, de la bêtise avec Bouvard et Pécuchet, de la bonté avec Félicité d'Un Cœur simple… Dans la fabrique flaubertienne, l'incarnation est intrinsèquement liée à la déformation, elle-même dégradée en parodie. Car la caricature chez Flaubert est partie prenante d'une pensée nihiliste : le romancier participe d'une déconstruction généralisée de la société bourgeoise par une caricature évidemment politique même si l'écrivain se défend d ’utiliser l'œuvre comme une tribune, au nom de l'autotélisme de l'art. Au fond, c'est la modernité de Flaubert qui justifie le goût et l'usage de la caricature.

Cheminer vers la littérature patrimoniale grâce aux oeuvres « mythographiantes »

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Poyet T.

Romanica Silesiana

2021

vol. 19

issue 1

17-31

How are the two literatures – the classic, the heritage, the scholarly versus the children’s literature, the overly easy editorial productions – much less opposed in reality than one might think? How can a real complementarity exist between literatures which will perhaps never be patrimonial but which can become school and the “great” literature? We will show how the reading of mythographic works seeks to design a teaching which makes the encounter with the book a triple opportunity for enrichment: to be moved, to escape, to learn. We will show how the reading of mythographic works seeks to design a teaching which makes the encounter with the book a triple opportunity for enrichment: to be moved, to escape, to learn. By taking into account the requirements of the time and the need for the school not to operate apart from opinions and practices, by a literature and a reading which accept to be useful for something, the French course must make sense by offering a new culture which is first and foremost a culture of oneself. It is first of all to show a living classical literature.

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Flaubert et la caricature : l’exigence de la modernité

Cheminer vers la littérature patrimoniale grâce aux oeuvres « mythographiantes »