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Doświadczanie agresji i przemocy w szkole

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Poraj G., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
|
2004
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vol. 08
EN
The research project was designed to diagnose the phenomenon of aggression among the students of the last level of primary school. The research was directed by the Regional Centre of Social Policy of the Marshal’s Office in Łódź´ and run over the year 2002. It relates to the following research problems:  the place of contact with violence and aggression,  the most common indications of violence and aggression at school,  the individual experience of violence and aggression in different psychological environments,  the expectations of help. As far as the scientific method is concerned, a special questionnaire was constructed. It was addressed to the students of the sixth class of primary school in province of Ło´dz´, representing different psychological environments: from urban to rural. The total number of students, who participated in the research project was 455 (100%); 49% of girls and 51% of boys. The detailed analysis of the results of the research indicated school as the most common place of facing with the phenomenon of violence and aggression. Undesirable behaviours appear in all the school societies and call for the corrective treatment. The research revealed the differences between sexes and showed the general tendency of dealing with aggression: 57% of students declare their willingness to learn the techniques of self – defence, they also search for help in the school environment: 52% of students count for friend’s aid and 47% expect help from the teachers. The author suggest three courses of corrective treatment:  rebuilding of the educational environment,  educating the teachers in preventing, recognizing and acting against violence and aggression,  teaching the ability of dealing with conflicts and difficulties.
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Ewaluacja programu rozwijania zdolności twórczych dzieci przedszkolnych

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Poraj G., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
|
2002
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vol. 06
EN
Learning under an adult’s supervision is one of the essential conditions for child development. For the benefit of a child’s innate liveliness and his spontaneous discovery of the world, and in order to promote individuality, there is a call for new teaching methods at schools and nursery schools. This, however, entails boards of competent teachers with the necessary knowlege and skills at enhancing their pupils’ creativity and inventivess. Polish Foundation of Children and Teenagers in Warsaw, given assistance by Bernard Van Leer Foundation, has already prepared and carried out an educational programme intended for ore-school teaching circles. The programme propagated new methods of teaching children aged from 3 to 6. The presented article shows the programme’s evaluation research conducted on children. The research tried to provide an answer to the following question: do heightened competence of pre-school teachers’ and implementation of the new programme for working with children affect children’s development. The subject of analysis heavily relied on the children-made works, such sa: a picture of a human being, a picture on a freely-chosen subject and a picture Urban-Jellen’s Creative Thinking Test. In the research procedure both model and inspection nursery schools were taken into account. In the model nursery schools the teachers participated in the educational programme, and, supposedly, implemented the new programme for working with children. In the inspected nursery schools the teachers worked under traditional guidelines for teaching. Research conducted in 1997 focused on 120 children from Lublin, Kielce and Ło´dz´: 60 from model institutions and 60 from the inspection ones (before teachers’ training). The research was subsequently continued in the consecutive years and finishhed up in 1999. Consequently, a very rich, empirical material was collected, comprising qualitative analyses of the assembled children’s works. In order to objectify the results, homogeneous (equal for all children) research conditions were closely followed, whereas the analyses (according to carefully worked out criteria) were all done by the author herself. Detailed analysis of the children-made works showed that there are differences between the children from model nursery schools and the inspection ones, in reference to constructing subject-based pictures. Similarly, the results of Creative Thinking Test significantly differed in the researched groups. In both cases the differences proved beneficial to the model schools children. Hence, the heightening of pre-school teachers’ level of competence and implementation of the new programme radically affect child development.
3
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Wybrane sposoby kontrolowania agresji dzieci i młodzieży

100%
Poraj G., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
|
2003
|
vol. 07
EN
The permanent increase in aggression in children, youth and adults accounts for the urgent need of searching for the most effective ways of controlling and reducing this dangerous phenomenon. This article presents a selection of methods, based on the ground of applied psychology and aimed at dealing with the problem mentioned above. The author describes the mechanism, called ‘katharsis’, which serves a purpose of relieving accumulated, negative emotions, emphasizing the fact that giving vent to one’s anger does not lways lead to expected results. The same refers to punishing aggressive behaviour. The immediate results of this process are usually superficial and do not always mean a stable change in character. Finally, the punishment – to be effective requires certain condiotions to be fulfilled, which is very often neglected. The work contains a set of already tested, interventional programs, intended to correct improper behaviour of children and youth. The particular purposes are: teaching empathy, training the ability of coping with conflicts, modelling on pro- social behaviours, building basic values, opposing mobbing at schools, dealing with negative emotions and creating an internal interventional program at schools. The range of psychological offers, aimed at reducing aggression is wide. They are all worth popularizing, although it is good to remember that it is always better to prevent evil, than deal with its cosequences.
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