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PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI UHORSKÝCH BISKUPOV PRI SPRÁVE DIECÉZ V 11. AŽ 14. STOROČÍ Z POHĽADU KÁNONICKÉHO PRÁVA

100%
Glejtek M.
Konštantínove listy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 1
79 - 104
EN
Diocesan archbishops and bishops were the most prominent representatives of the medieval Catholic Church in Central Europe. They were responsible for the religious life of their archdiocese or diocese. Only appointed bishop holds power in pontificalibus, in spiritualibus and in temporalibus. After episcopal ordination, they were authorized to perform sacral acts. The status of bishops, in terms of religious governance and property administration, was derived predominantly from the canon law. Universal canon law collections, conciliar decrees and some elements of secular law determine the fundamental rights and obligations of these prelates. The paper presents the most important of them and supplements them with specific cases from the territory of medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
2
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HERALDIKA STREDOVEKÝCH SPIŠSKÝCH PREPOŠTOV, PREDOVŠETKÝM VO SVETLE SFRAGISTICKÝCH PAMIATOK (14. – 16. STOROČIE)

100%
Glejtek M.
Konštantínove listy
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 1
65 - 87
EN
Heraldry was an important part of the culture of the medieval European society. This identifying system was originally connected primarily with the military. Later, however, the use of the coats of arms extended to the sphere of the church. In the 14th century, the coats of arms began to be actively used by high-ranking representatives of chapters. This study focuses on the coats of arms used by the medieval provosts of the Spiš collegiate chapter of St. Martin. The study of the church heraldry depends, first of all, on the amount of available sources. In the case of the Spiš provosts, the preserved items are primarily seals and also some artistic items from the architectural context. Until now, the evidence of the use of the coat of arms or the preserved heraldic elements by ten medieval provosts has been found. In most cases, these belong to the hereditary coat of arms of nobility which, by the end of the medieval period, displayed also insignia to indicate rank in a church. Although we are far from complete mapping of all coats of arms which were in use in Spiš, thanks to the preserved sources we can reconstruct their history and development rather well. Several items discussed in this paper have not been published, neither used in history research so far.
3

OCHRANA PROTI FALŠOVANIU LISTÍN VYDÁVANÝCH HODNOVERNÝMI MIESTAMI V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKOM ZÁKONODARSTVE

100%
Glejtek M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 1
58 – 78
EN
Major cases of violation of law in the Middle Ages included falsification of documents of a legal nature (charters). The falsification of documents could cause considerable damages to a property of individuals and groups of people. Due to this reason, a considerable attention was paid to falsification of documents and protection against the falsification in the medieval legislation. Important publishers of documents in the Medieval Hungarian society were the so called places of authentication (loca credibilia). The presented article focuses on the chapters and conventions that provided such function in the Middle Ages. The importance of these institutions in the protection against unauthorized publishing of charters is also evidenced in several legal standards. The article provides an analysis of the legal standards, in particular the royal decrees (laws), the customary law and particular statutes of chapters of canons.
4
Content available remote

SEALS OF MEDIEVAL HUNGARIAN KINGDOM AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN COURT PRACTICE AND PROPERTY PROTECTION

100%
Glejtek M.
Konštantínove listy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 1
11 - 23
EN
In medieval society seals used to be important instruments, bearing a wide range of applications. Closer attention is usually paid to their connection to documents with legal content. When attached to charters and letters they fulfilled several functions such as authenticating, authorizing and enclosing them. Researchers usually do not pay as much attention to other uses of seals that have no direct connection to written documents. In the Early Middle Ages, seals were also used for court summons and for sealing the wounds during ordeals. In the Late Middle Ages, we know of their application for property protection against unauthorized manipulation. Seals used to safeguard cases with seal matrices, money or insignia as well as reliquaries. This study introduces the ways seals had been used based on written legal, diplomatic and narrative sources from specific periods.
5

HERALDIKA V PROSTREDÍ STREDOVEKÝCH UHORSKÝCH ARCIBISKUPOV A BISKUPOV

100%
Glejtek M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 1
18 – 35
EN
Heraldry represents the most elaborate identification system established in the Middle Ages. Initially, in the first half of the 12th century, coats of arms spread among knights and nobles. Over time, they became adopted by corporations such as town communities, guilds as well as burghers themselves. The oldest known coats of arms belonging to Hungarian ecclesiastical dignitaries are from a later time – the first half of the 14th century. The coats of arms belonging to the oldest phase of Hungarian ecclesiastical heraldry were known only from their depictions on seals. In the 15th century, the diversity of sources widened. Coats of arms represented an important part of owners’ visual presentation. In the circles of the highest ecclesiastical hierarchy, they were also a symbol of prestige and position in the Church structure. The presented study deals with the conditions of coat-of-arms usage among Hungarian prelates. It focuses on the inner structure (content) of these coats of arms as well as their formal appearance.
6

KARIÉRA SPIŠSKÉHO PREPOŠTA MUTIMÍRA. K PERSONÁLNEMU A KULTÚRNEMU TRANSFERU V UHORSKOM KRÁĽOVSTVE V POLOVICI 13. STOROČIA

63%
Labanc P., Glejtek M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 3
385 – 407
EN
The study traces the internal dynamic of society in mid-13th century Hungarian kingdom by means of prosopographical analysis of the career of Provost Mutimír of Spiš. Thanks to the systematic archive research, enough written sources have been collected. In addition, a unique object, namely a hitherto unknown seal of Mutimír, has been found. Analysis of this exceptional collection of sources has verified some hypotheses from older expert literature, but some did not stand up to examination and some new ideas have emerged. Reconstruction of Mutimír’s career enables us to examine the method of selection of persons suitable to hold middle level positions in the church hierarchy, and at the courts of members of the royal family. In the 21st century corporate language, we could use the designation headhunting. A no less important aspect of such a career was the transfer of the spiritual or intellectual culture, which a person such as Mutimír had acquired from his geographical and social origin, education and previous activity. In the case of Mutimír, we see this not only in his important collection of manuscripts, which he left to Collegiate chapter of Spiš, but also in his seal showing Byzantine influence resulting from his close cooperation with Maria Laskaris, the Byzantine wife of King Bela IV.
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