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Ground temperature variability in Poznań (2011–2020)

100%
Szyga-Pluta K.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2022
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vol. 41
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issue 1
63-77
EN
The manuscript concerns the analysis of the ground temperature in Poznań in the years 2011–2020. Data generally available on the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) website were used. The ground temperature was measured at five depths: 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm. The highest variability of ground temperature occurred in summer and the lowest in winter. The ground temperature was closely correlated mainly with air temperature, but also with insolation and water vapour deficit. There is a statistical increase in the air temperature in Poznań – the trends at the whole soil profile are positive although not statistically significant.
2
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Roczna i dobowa zmienność temperatury gruntu na polanie śródleśnej w Wielkopolskim Parku Narodowym

100%
Szyga-Pluta K.
Prace Geograficzne
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2018
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issue 155
69-83
EN
The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of soil temperature in a forest clearing in the Wielkopolska National Park. The results of measurements of ground temperature at depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm at the UAM Ecological Station in Jeziory were analyzed. Characterization of the annual and diurnal course and the thermal stratification of the soil in the period 2002–2015 was made. The variability of soil temperature gradients between levels at different depths was investigated. During the warm period there is a lapse, and in the cold period an increase in the temperature with depth. In March and September a reversal of the thermal profile takes place in the ground. The greatest amplitude between the surface and the depth of 100 cm occurs in December and is 5,2°C. The amplitude is also high in June, i.e. 4,8°C. Temperature gradients decrease with depth. In the soil layer of 0–5 cm there are greater changes in temperature (on average 0,04°C/1 cm), and with depth the rate of change is lower (0,0001°C/1cm in the layer of 50–100 cm). A high thermal activity of soil in layers up to 20 cm is indicated by the smallest difference in temperature between the layers at the surface. The deepest layers store most heat. The layer of 20–50 cm is characterized by high heat accumulation in the warm half of the year – then the greatest differences between the 20 and 50 cm levels occur. The average diurnal ground temperature in Jeziory in the years 2002–2015 is 9,8°C and does not change with depth. The diurnal amplitude of temperature changes – it decreases with the depth. The highest amplitude of temperature is characterized by the lowest layers of soil and is 8,4°C on average throughout the day. The amplitude values decrease with depth to 0,0°C at a depth of 100 cm. It is clearly shown that the maximum temperature of soil is shifted in time with depth. The greatest diurnal changes of soil temperature in the warm half of the year are in the layer up to 50 cm, and in the cold half of the year – to a depth of 20 cm. The obtained results show that the thermal conditions of the ground in a forest clearing are different from those characterizing the ground  in open areas.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest określenie rozkładu temperatury gruntu na polanie śródleśnej w Wielkopolskim Parku Narodowym. Analizie poddano wyniki pomiarów temperatury przy powierzchni gruntu (0 cm) oraz temperatury gruntu na głębokościach 5, 10, 20, 50 i 100 cm w Stacji Ekologicznej UAM w Jeziorach.  Scharakteryzowano przebieg roczny i dobowy oraz stratyfikację termiczną gruntu w latach 2002–2015. Zbadano zmienność gradientów temperatury gruntu pomiędzy poziomami na poszczególnych głębokościach. W okresie od kwietnia do sierpnia następuje spadek, a w okresie od października do lutego wzrost temperatury wraz z głębokością. W marcu i we wrześniu zachodzi odwrócenie profilu termicznego w gruncie. Największa różnica temperatury między powierzchnią a głębokością 100 cm występuje w grudniu i wynosi 5,2°C. Dużą różnicą charakteryzuje się również czerwiec, tj. 4,8°C. Gradienty temperatury maleją wraz z głębokością. W warstwie gruntu 0–5 cm następują większe zmiany temperatury (średni gradient 0,04°C/cm), a wraz z głębokością tempo zmian jest mniejsze (średnio 0,0001°C/cm w warstwie 50–100 cm). W warstwie gleby do 20 cm zachodzą największe zmiany temperatury. Najwięcej ciepła magazynują warstwy najgłębsze. Warstwa 20–50 cm charakteryzuje się natomiast dużą akumulacją ciepła w ciepłej połowie roku – występują wtedy największe różnice między tymi poziomami. Średnia dobowa temperatura gruntu w Jeziorach w latach 2002–2015 wynosiła 9,8°C. Amplituda dobowa temperatury malała wraz z głębokością. Największa amplituda temperatury charakteryzowała najpłytsze warstwy gruntu i wynosiła w ciągu doby średnio w analizowanych latach 8,4°C. Im głębiej tym wartości amplitudy malały do 0,0°C na głębokości 100 cm. Wyraźnie widoczne jest przesunięcie terminu najwyższej temperatury gruntu wraz z głębokością. Największe zmiany dobowe termiki gruntu w ciepłej połowie roku zachodzą w warstwie do 50 cm, a w chłodnej połowie roku do głębokości 20 cm. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że warunki termiczne gruntu na polanie śródleśnej różnią się od tych charakteryzujących grunt na obszarach otwartych.
3
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Effect of regional baric systems on the occurrence of bioclimatic conditions in Poland

51%
Tomczyk A. M., Bednorz E., Szyga-Pluta K., Owczarek M.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2023
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vol. 42
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issue 1
161-177
EN
The present study concerns the determination of the characteristics of bioclimatic conditions, as well as the synoptic situations related to the occurrence of thermal stress conditions, in Poland. The study was based on daily data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute from the period 1966–2020 for 37 synoptic stations in Poland. Based on the obtained data, values of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) were calculated. The occurrence of heat stress increases from the north to the south, corresponding with the variability of influx of solar radiation, and is modified by factors at a smaller spatial scale. The results of this paper evidently point to the cooling effect of the waters of the Baltic Sea. In circulation conditions favouring strong and very strong heat stress, e.g. in two of the designated circulation types (T1 and T2), the occurrence of an expansive high-pressure ridge in the Atlantic-European area is typical, stretching from the region of the Azores High towards the north-east, with a secondary high developed within its boundaries. In the third of the designated circulation types (T3), the high-pressure area extends from the Azores eastwards, reaching the Black Sea. Each of the three circulation patterns associated with the unfavourable biometeorological conditions of very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland is characterised by strong pressure centres formed in the Euroatlantic region, triggering the airflow from the northern (T4) or eastern (T5, T6) sector.
4
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Patterns in the multiannual course of growing season in Central Europe since the end of the 19th century

51%
Szyga-Pluta K., Tomczyk A. M., Piotrowicz K., Bednorz E.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2023
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vol. 42
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issue 1
59-74
EN
The research identified patterns in the multiannual course of start and end dates, and length of growing season (GS) in Central Europe since the end of the 19th century in selected cities of Central Europe in the period 1893–2020. GS start in the analysed stations was characterised by high year-to-year variability, particularly in those located more southwards, i.e. in Prague and Vienna. A smaller variability occurred in GS end dates. The GS was subject to prolongation, although these changes in particular cities were uneven and had different causes. In Toruń and Potsdam, its increase was caused by a greater shift of the end date, and in the remaining stations, it was determined by its earlier start date. Two subperiods were distinguished that differ in terms of intensity of changes of the start and end dates, as well as the length of the GS. The intensification was observed recently.
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