Celem artykułu jest analiza trzech dyskusyjnych aspektów świadectwa w psalmach: obecności terminu עֵדוּת ‘ēdût w tytułach psalmów (Ps 60,1; 80,1), rozumienia, kim jest świadek w Ps 89,38 oraz tłumaczenia terminu עֵדוּת ‘ēdût w Ps 119. Najpierw autor syntetycznie prezentuje to, co Psalmy mówią na temat świadectwa (pkt 1). Następnie zajmuje się analizą terminu עֵדוּת ‘ēdût w tytułach psalmów, w której dochodzi do wniosku, iż termin ten należy interpretować jako niezależną część tytułu i tłumaczyć jako „świadectwo” (pkt 2). W kolejnej części przedstawia dotychczasowe propozycje egzegetów rozumienia, kim jest świadek w Ps 89,38 (tęcza, słońce, księżyc, tron, Bóg) oraz proponuje nową interpretację mesjańską (pkt 3). W ostatniej części, po prezentacji stanu tłumaczeń, proponuje interpretację עֵדוּת ‘ēdût w Ps 119 jako terminu technicznego i oddawania go zawsze terminem „świadectwo”.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze three difficult aspects of testimony in the Book of Psalms: (1) the term עֵדוּת‘ēdût in the titles of certain Psalms (Ps 60:1; 80:1); (2) understanding who or what is referred to as a witness in Ps 89:38; and (3) the proper translation of עֵדוּת ‘ēdût, and its meaning, in its multiple uses in Ps 119. First, as background, the author synthetically depicts what the psalms say generally regarding the notion of testimony. Proceeding to the focal issues, he first analyzes עֵדוּת ‘ēdût in the titles of the two psalms and concludes that the term should be interpreted as an independent title and translated as “testimony”. The next section presents the current understandings of who or what is a witness in Ps 89:38 (rainbow, sun, moon, throne, God), and proposes a new messianic interpretation. In the final part, after the presentation of various translations, the author suggests interpreting עֵדוּת ‘ēdût in Psalm 119 as a technical term, properly translated in Psalm 119 always as “testimony”.
The Book of Psalms describes God as righteous. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether one can speak of the injustice of God in the Psalms. First, the author tries to draw some conclusions from the statistics of words describing God’s righteousness. Then, he summarizes the studies dealing with the topic in question. Next, he analyses the four Psalms that speak more or less directly about the injustice of God (Ps 44 , 69, 88, 89). At the end, the author attempts to answer the question what the genre of the psalms has to do with talking about an unjust God. The final conclusions include the following statements: 1) generally the Psalms do not speak about unjust God; 2) the exceptions are a sign of an extremely dramatic situation of the nation; 3) injustice is seen as a temporal problem and therefore resolvable; 4) God’s injustice may involve a curse addressed to an enemy; 5) death is the only limitation of the justice of God.
The crisis of the Author of the Psalm 13 is real, present, painful, and persistent. For lack of help from humans and from God, the Psalmist make finally a decision to trust in God. This attitude does not guarantee any metamorphosis of the behavior of the Psalmist’s enemies, but it appears to be a theological-pragmatic attempt to resolve the situation of crisis. When all means have fallen the Psalmist has resort to God. God is the only One who, even when apparently lets the Psalmist down, leads human being through the crisis with hopeful hand.
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