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Emigracja przeciw emigracji. W 140 rocznicę opuszczenia kraju przez Cypriana Norwida

100%

Siewierski H.

Studia Norwidiana

|

1983

|

vol. 1

63-70

EN

The present outline discusses two characteristic opinions of Cyprian Norwid on emigration in general and on his own emigration. According to these two opinions, Norwid can be called ”a consistent emigre” and at the same time ”a consistent opponent of emigration”. This, is an apparent contradiction only. Norwid is a consistent emigre in the sense that emigration is understood as a moral act of opposition which for some time „carries one away from the country” but not from the Country, the "great common duty”. He is consistent, for he does not change the decision he once made. For Norwid, to do that would be an inadmissible moral compromise. Norwid opposed emigration understood as an abnormal phenomenon evoked by an abnormal situation which issues the threat of destroying national culture; this situation can become a chance only if the emigres manage to keep in touch with their Country and if their Country recognizes the emigres as its own part. .Therefore, Norwid made every effort not to break with his reading public in Poland; to his readers he wished to be responsible as a poet. Norwid strongly criticized Polish emigres and taunted them with political and cultural passiveness or sectarianism and particularism. That made his seclusion and alienation even deeper especially at the end of his life. His efforts, however, to overcome the tendencies destroying the unity of Polish national culture have remained till today as an important and even now readable message.

2

Norwid za dni Komuny Paryskiej

100%

Siewierski H.

Roczniki Kulturoznawcze

|

2014

|

vol. 5

|

issue 3

5-14

EN

By describing the Paris Commune as an act of terrorism, Cyprian Norwid, in his correspondence, emphasizes his critical view of the Commune and mentions his own active resistance in persuading his compatriots, “to refuse to serve the terrorist Commune,” and declares his readiness to face the consequences of his words. The traumatic experience of those few months in 1871 also left its traces in Norwid’s critical and literary works. The present article is an attempt at tracing the vestiges of that experience in the author’s correspondence and in “Przyczynek do Rzeczy o wolności słowa” (1871), a key text in understanding Norwid’s view of the Commune. It is also an attempt to interpret Norwid’s explicitly negative reaction to that revolutionary effort, expressed immediately after an unequal fight and at the time of the bloody suppression of the Commune and the ongoing executions of thousands of its participants

PL

Określając Komunę Paryską mianem terroryzmu, Cyprian Norwid podkreśla w swej korespondencji swój krytyczny do niej stosunek, wymienia akty swego czynnego sprzeciwu, m.in. nakłanianie rodaków do „odmówienia służb terrorystycznej Komunie” oraz świadczy o gotowości poniesienia za to konsekwencji. Dramatyczne przeżycia tamtych miesięcy 1871 r. zostawiły znamienne ślady również w pismach krytycznych i utworach literackich ich świadka. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą odczytania śladów doświadczeń tego okresu w korespondencji oraz w kluczowym dla zrozumienia postawy Norwida wobec Komuny Paryskiej tekście „Przyczynek do Rzeczy o wolności słowa” (1871). Jest też próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak rozumieć tak zdecydowanie negatywną ocenę tego zrywu rewolucyjnego, wydaną przez Norwida zaraz po nierównej walce, gdy nadszedł czas krwawych represji i egzekucji tysięcy jego uczestników.

3

Emigracja przeciw emigracji. W 140 rocznicę opuszczenia kraju przez Cypriana Norwida

100%

Siewierski H.

Studia Norwidiana

|

1983

|

vol. 1

63-70

PL

The present outline discusses two characteristic opinions of Cyprian Norwid on emigration in general and on his own emigration. According to these two opinions, Norwid can be called ”a consistent emigre” and at the same time ”a consistent opponent of emigration”. This, is an apparent contradiction only. Norwid is a consistent emigre in the sense that emigration is understood as a moral act of opposition which for some time „carries one away from the country” but not from the Country, the "great common duty”. He is consistent, for he does not change the decision he once made. For Norwid, to do that would be an inadmissible moral compromise. Norwid opposed emigration understood as an abnormal phenomenon evoked by an abnormal situation which issues the threat of destroying national culture; this situation can become a chance only if the emigres manage to keep in touch with their Country and if their Country recognizes the emigres as its own part. .Therefore, Norwid made every effort not to break with his reading public in Poland; to his readers he wished to be responsible as a poet. Norwid strongly criticized Polish emigres and taunted them with political and cultural passiveness or sectarianism and particularism. That made his seclusion and alienation even deeper especially at the end of his life. His efforts, however, to overcome the tendencies destroying the unity of Polish national culture have remained till today as an important and even now readable message.

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3 Siewierski H.

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Emigracja przeciw emigracji. W 140 rocznicę opuszczenia kraju przez Cypriana Norwida

Norwid za dni Komuny Paryskiej

Emigracja przeciw emigracji. W 140 rocznicę opuszczenia kraju przez Cypriana Norwida