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  1. 3 Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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Stadia postępu technicznego oraz wykorzystywanie współcześnie środków technicznych

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Banach B.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2011
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vol. 16
9-19
EN
The paper focused on the technical development issues and emphasized the actual use of technical means in contemporary times, including – among others – tools and devices in the era of automation and electronics, and also robotics in the future. In historical time, the following groups of technical means should be mentioned in turn: 1) instruments and tools, as well as devices made from natural elements, especially of stone and wood; 2) instruments, tools and devices made mostly of metal, as well as equipment made – depending on needs – from different materials, including the ones made of glass; 1) technical means which boasted distinguished features of mechanisms (e. g. drawbridges) or even automatic machines (e. g. clocks and watches); 4) emergence of technical and technological conditions for the production of machines and construction of factories in the pre-industrial manufacture when the division of production deepened, broadened and fell into activities equivalent to technical and technological operations which initiated technical revolution; 5) implementation of assembly lines in big H. Ford car manufacturing plants which were the germs of production automatic machines initiating the scientific and technical revolution; 6) electronic devices, especially TV-sets and computers; 7) remote controlling of space objects and production processes; 8) the use of the internet for acquiring information and for communication; 9) the use of robots combining the latest technique and electronics, and working thanks to perfectly used software, which are a manifestation of great technical and technological progress, and have great perspectives for the future. Taking into account the above, the author distinguished nine stages of technical development mainly: 1) the stage of (conventionally speaking) primitive technique; 2) the stage of mainly stone and wood tools; 3) the stage of metal tools made in smelting processes; 4) the stage of mechanization due to the extensive use of machines; 5) the stage of automation as a result of extensive use of automatic machines; 6) the stage of electronics, including mainly the common use of a higher and higher generation of computers; 7) the stage of production remote controlled technique; 8) the stage of common internet domination; 9) and the future stage of robots, including mainly production robots.
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Wybrane problemy z historii gospodarki polskiej w pierwszym okresie transformacji ustrojowej (1989–1997)

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Banach B.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2012
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vol. 17
34-50
EN
The author deals in this article with selected economic problems of a democratic state at the beginnings of fast development of market economy and the service sector in Poland. He undertakes an attempt at analyzing and synthesizing economic environment on the basis of data found in the Polish statistical yearbooks. Hyperinflation in Poland was in 1988 and the following one witnessed a slight increase in GDP (100.2%). As a result of the above-mentioned, the economic crisis occurred in the 1990–1991 period because of a considerably decreased GDP (which, counted in fixed prices, dropped to 88.4% and 93.0% respectively). However, elimination of hyperinflation in 1990 and tempering the financial crisis in 1991 turned out to be a great economic success. A slight pickup in economic growth occurred in the 1992–1993 period (102.6% and 103.8% respectively), but is was due to a low computing base in the two previo us years. A significant GDP increase was not noticed until 1994 (105.2%), and it was due to a faster and faster economic development in Poland. Especially the years 1995–1997, witnessed fast development and economic growth proved by greater GDP ratios in 1995 by 7%, in 1996 by 6.0% and in 1997 by 6.8%, which confirmed a good state of the Polish economy. The discussion concerns fundamental production branches in economy, i.e. industry, construction and agriculture. The attention has been focused mainly on capital investment and fixed assets used in the above branches and in the entire economy. The issues of unemployment and foreign trade have been discussed briefly. Other equally important problems, such as development of the service sector or financial matters, due to a limited size of the article have not been taken into consideration.
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Dochód narodowy miernikiem wzrostu gospodarczego oraz czynniki przyspieszające i hamujące jego rozwój

100%
Banach B.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2009
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vol. 13
115-126
EN
The formula of Michał Kalecki for the increase in national income is the base of deliberation in this article. On this base factors precipitating and hindering economic growth are considered. As the result of this growth factors precipitating it cause reaching good effects, and factors hindering economic growth are the reason of making losses. In consequence, these losses reduce the increase gross national income. On this base a formula for this income increase was worked out. Gross national income, besides gross national product is the measure of economic growth, but presenting the economy globally because income from abroad (balance) is taken into consideration, too.
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