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EN
This article discusses the poetics of appropriation of historical and literary material as a way of the reevaluation of the past proposed by M. Tsvetaeva. In the poet’s consciousness, the coexistence and comparison of different times and historical parallels are inevitably linked to her presence and, at the same time, the material employed by Tsvetaeva does not only show any reality, but it recreates reality according to her own vision of this particular material. Tsvetaeva accentuates the primacy of created reality over historical existence. One part of Tsvetaeva’s play Fortuna presents the transformation of the real love story between Izabela Chartoryska and duke Lauzan into a literary history, and finally the process of the disappearance of this story in her real life. ‘Disappearance’ of Lauzan’s image leads the poet in her life and Tsvetaeva becomes engaged with Lauzan by a very idiomatic relationship.
EN
In this study the materials dealing with the Soviet realities published in Warsaw by the Russian emigrants’ weekly “Mech” during a year period (the first 45 issues) are analyzed. The analysis constitutes a segment of historical and political context prevailing at that time in Poland, especially of its complex relations with the Soviet Union. In retrospect one can observe a distinct turn in the weekly’s activity explained partly by a change of its form - from a magazine to newspaper (issue 21) which demanded replacement of is analytic way by more informative attitude and partly by separation from emigrant centre in Paris. The air of publications reflected difficult situation of the emigrants, though all information this way or another dealing with the Soviets was filled with biting comments and sheer anti-Soviet rhetoric. Also a clear quantitative tendency is shown in the number of the Soviets related publications, from 1-3 in the initial period up to 11-13 by the end of the period under the study. The scope of issues was also widening embracing economy, political life, repression, education, Soviet manhood, etc. The publication type change is also traced evolving to a more eye-witness, document support, interview, Soviet source mentioning, citation from contemporary Soviet literature depicting real life columnistic kind. The material analyzed gives much food for thought about the character of the Russian identity and its tragic split.
EN
Humanitarian science many times had to admit that the Past would prove a treacherous ground indeed to be taken for granted. It can easily slide either under the pressure of new facts or reshuffle of known facts or due to a political regime change. The first-person documentary literature plays an important role in revising the Past. Until recently it was considered to be outside the mainstream study, but nowadays it gets more and more attention. In the absence of unified concept as to what the first-person documentary literature is and if it actually can be considered as literature at all, many local theories burst out. The first-person documentary literature offers various points of view on the course of historical events. In the same time it can be used to verify them since there is an ethical or metaphysical reflection to it.
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