Can a language be successfully implanted from one continent to another? History has recorded similar cases more than once, but only once this operation was commemorated by a monument –a testimony to the presence of the only one “indigenous” Indo-European language on the Africancontinent. The first part of the article will outline the history of the presence of Europeans in South Africa and the key moments affecting its current socio-linguistic situation. The history and development of the Afrikaans language will be described, with particular emphasis on its role in building White South Africa and the Apartheid system. The next part will present the idea and circumstances of the creation of the Taalmonument – a monument dedicated to the Afrikaans language. It will discuss its individual elements and their characteristics from the viewpoint of the Apartheid ideology. In the next part, the author will present the reaction of the black population of South Africa to the creation of the monument, and the controversy surrounding this building after the overthrow of the system, on the basis of a strongly existing revisionist discourse. In conclusion, the author will present possible new readings of old content and ideas related to the development and maintenance of Taalmonument.
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) has been acknowledged in European history since antiquity, gaining popularity in Poland from the 16th century onward. This article aims to elucidate the representation of the carnation in the facets of the Polish language, culture, and medicinal practices. The subject is of particular interest due to the evolving historical perspectives that have shaped perceptions of the plant’s attributes – from its esteemed role as a medicinal component to its later association as a symbol of socialism. Through an examination of Polish literary works, artistic expressions, and medical literature, this study seeks to discern the multifaceted identity of carnation within the Polish context. Such an analysis will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the plant’s historical significance, cultural symbolism, and its enduring relevance in contemporary culture and herbal medicine practices.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.