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Niemcy wobec Włoch w pierwszej fazie II wojny światowej (wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1940 r.)

100%
Żerko S.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2020
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2
EN
The purpose of the study is to present the policy of Germany towards Italy in the period between the German assault on Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Italy’s accession to war on 10 June 1940. It was a difficult period for the bilateral relations because of the Mussolini’s decision not to join the war (non-belligeranza) despite alliances with Germany. Additional difficulties were caused by strengthening of the German-Soviet relations, especially the attack of the USSR on Finland. The German-Italian relations improved only after Mussolini expressed his readiness to join the war relatively quickly.
PL
Cel studium stanowi przedstawienie polityki Niemiec wobec Włoch w okresie miedzy atakiem niemieckim na Polskę 1 IX 1939 r. a przystąpieniem Włoch do wojny 10 VI 1940 r. Był to okres trudny dla stosunków bilateralnych ze względu na decyzję Mussoliniego o nieprzystąpieniu do wojny (non belligeranza), mimo więzów sojuszniczych z Niemcami. Dodatkowe trudności wywołało zacieśnienie stosunków niemiecko-sowieckich, a zwłaszcza atak ZSRR na Finlandię. Poprawa stosunków niemiecko-włoskich nastąpiła dopiero w związku z wyrażaną przez Mussoliniego gotowością w miarę szybkiego przystąpienia do wojny.
2
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Niemiecka Russlandpolitik na rozdrożu? Ewolucja polityki RFN wobec Rosji

100%
Żerko S.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2013
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issue 4
57-78
EN
The author is analyzing the policy of Germany towards Russia after the year 1991 and the efforts of the German side to keep the best relations with Moscow. The apogee in this respect was the government of Gerhard Schröder (SPD). The taking over of the go vernment by Angela Merkel (CDU) in 2005 slightly changed the assumptions of the German policy towards Russia, because the pro-Russian SPD was still part of the ruling coalition. In the years between 2009 and 2013, when the ruling coalition consisted of the CDU/CSU and the FDP, Germany-Russia relations worsened because of the aggressive policy of Moscow. It was even spoken of an “ice age” in these relationships, which in the author’s opinion was considerable exaggeration. The foundation of a new Great Coalition (of the CDU and the SPD) makes us suppose, that the policy of Berlin towards Moscow is going to be more lenient, than in the past years.
3
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Kryzys w stosunkach między Polską a Rumunią w latach 1934–1936 w świetle polskich dokumentów dyplomatycznych

100%
Żerko S.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2016
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vol. 48
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issue 2
PL
Crisis in Relations between Poland and Romania in 1934–1936 in the Light of Polish Diplomatic DocumentsIn 1934 relations between Poland and Romania, the signatories of an alliance pact, rapidly deteriorated. The crisis was caused by a sudden turnabout in Romanian foreign policy, when the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Nicolai Titulescu unexpectedly became one of the advocates of including the USSR into a collective security system in Central–Eastern Europe. Naturally, this decision resulted in a crisis in the titular relations at a time when Polish diplomacy (steered by Józef Beck) endeavoured to restrict the impact exerted by Moscow upon the course of events in Europe. The policy pursued by Titulescu also brought about unrest among the influential circles of Romania. An end was put to the crisis by Titulescu’s dismissal in August 1936, with Polish diplomacy playing a considerable part in the minister’s discharge.
4
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Polska i Niemcy - małżeństwo z rozsądku? Rozmowa Karoliny Kulicy ze Stanisławem Żerką

63%
Kulica K., Żerko S.
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
|
2022
|
issue 3(11)
37-41
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