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Aktywność zawodowa i rodzinna kobiet w wieku produkcyjnym niemobilnym

100%
Raczkiewicz D., Piasecki J., Śledziewska K., Bojar I.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2016
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vol. 50
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issue 3
EN
The aim of this article is to carry out analyses of professional and family activities of women, based on the results of the study “Psychophysical health of women during and after menopause in terms of preserving their ability to work”. This study was conducted in the years 2014–2016 on a sample of 300 women, in the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin on behalf of the Central Institute for Labour Protection in Warsaw. Menopausal and postmenopausal period corresponds to non-mobility working age in economics – that is 45–60 years old. Professional and family activities are the most important in a woman’s life, but they are competing against each other. Professional and family activities of the surveyed women can be assessed positively.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy aktywności zawodowej i rodzinnej kobiet na podstawie wyników badania pt. „Zdrowie psychofizyczne kobiet w okresie około- i pomenopauzalnym w aspekcie zachowania ich zdolności do pracy”. Badanie to zostało przeprowadzone w latach 2014–2016 na próbie 300 kobiet w Instytucie Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie na zlecenie Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy w Warszawie. Okres około- i pomenopauzalny odpowiada w ekonomii wiekowi produkcyjnemu niemobilnemu, czyli 45–60 lat. Aktywność zawodowa i rodzinna jest najważniejsza w życiu kobiety, jednak są one konkurencyjne wobec siebie. Aktywność zawodową i rodzinną badanych kobiet można ocenić pozytywnie.
2
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Low frequency electromagnetic waves increase human sperm motility – A pilot study revealing the potent effect of 43 kHz radiation

100%
Wdowiak A., Mazurek P. A., Wdowiak A., Bojar I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2018
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vol. 31
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issue 6
723-739
EN
Objectives Abnormalities in the timing and course of spermatozoa capacitation and hyperactivation underlie common pathologies related to male infertility. Recent data shows that low frequency electromagnetic waves may influence cell membrane potential and permeability. It is therefore possible that low frequency electromagnetic waves could affect the maturation and motility processes of spermatozoa. The 43-kHz wave generator was used for modeling the impact of environmental exposure to low frequency electromagnetic radiation on human sperm. Material and Methods Sperm samples were gathered from 103 fertile, healthy men aged 25–30 years old and performed computer-assisted sperm analysis. After initial examination, each participant’s semen sample was divided into 2 aliquots (control and experimental) and placed in separate automated incubators. The samples constituting the experimental group were placed into the exposure system that emitted 43-kHz electromagnetic waves. Sperm motility was assessed at 3 h, 12 h and 24 h. Results Exposure to a 43-kHz radio frequency increased the percentage of sperm in progressive motility by up to 5.8% and the velocity of said sperm by up to 2 μm/s. Moreover, the total number of hyperactivated spermatozoa was significantly increased in the semen exposed to the electromagnetic signal. Conclusions In vivo environmental exposure to 43-kHz waves may promote the development of infertility related to premature capacitation outside of the vaginal tract. Exposing semen to this particular frequency may also boost the capacitation and hyperactivation of spermatozoa in vitro, prior to conducting assisted reproductive therapies.Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):723–739
3
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Stress at the place of work and cognitive functions among women performing intellectual work during peri- and post-menopausal period

76%
Gujski M., Pinkas J., Juńczyk T., Pawełczak-Barszczowska A., Raczkiewicz D., Owoc A., Bojar I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 6
943-961
EN
Objectives The analysis of the relationship between stress at work and results of cognitive functions amongst women, at peri- and post-menopausal age, performing intellectual work. Material and Methods The study group included women, aged 45–66 years old, employed as intellectual workers. Research instruments were: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; computer tests of the CNS Vital Signs; the Subjective Work Characteristics Questionnaire, and a questionnaire designed by the author. The results were statistically analyzed. Results Nearly a half of respondents experienced high stress at the place of work; 1/3 – on the average level, on a low level – every fifth. The largest number of respondents experienced stress caused by social contacts. Among a half of the women, stress was caused by the lack of awards at work, followed by the lack of support. Slightly fewer of them experienced stress caused by the feeling of psychological load related to the complexity of work or the feeling of uncertainty caused by the organization of work. Every third woman experienced stress due to the sense of responsibility or the lack of control. The smallest number experienced stress caused by physical arduousness, the sense of threat and unpleasant working conditions. The examined women obtained the best results with respect to simple attention, the worst results – with respect to the reaction time. The results concerning the remaining 9 cognitive functions were ranked in the middle of the aforementioned results. The intensity of stress at work and factors which caused this stress, negatively correlated with simple attention of women in the early peri-menopausal period, while positively correlating with the psychomotor and processing speed of women in the late peri-menopausal period. Among the post-menopausal women, negative correlations were observed between the majority of cognitive functions and the intensity of stress at work, and the majority of factors which caused this stress. Conclusions Cognitive functions of the examined women remained within the range of average evaluations, and were correlated with stress-inducing factors at the place of work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):943–961
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Social costs of loss in productivity-related absenteeism in Poland

76%
Genowska A., Fryc J., Pinkas J., Jamiołkowski J., Szafraniec K., Szpak A., Bojar I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2016
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vol. 30
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issue 6
917-932
EN
Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate indirect costs associated with losses in productivity due to sickness absence among registered workers in Poland. Material and Methods Data on sick leave durations in 2013 was obtained from the Social Insurance Institution (SII) (Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych – ZUS). Based on the number of assumptions, this data was used for calculating absence durations. The costs of lost productivity were estimated on the basis of the measure of gross value added. Results Estimated losses in productivity due to absenteeism in 2013 together accounted for 4.33% of gross domestic product (GDP) (17.09 billion euro). In the female population, the total value of losses amounted to 9.66 billion euro, but excluding the costs of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (2.96 billion euro), it was 6.7 billion euro. In the male population, the loss amounted to 7.43 billion euro. The highest overall costs of sickness absence based on age were found in the age group of 30–39 years (5.14 billion euro, including pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium – 1.474 billion euro; respiratory diseases – 0.632 billion euro, injuries and poisonings – 0.62 billion euro). In the group of people aged > 40 years, the highest cost was generated by bone-muscular diseases (1.553 billion euro) and injuries and poisoning (1.251 billion euro). Higher losses in the productivity of women in addition to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium were due to mental and behavioral disorders (0.71 billion euro), diseases of the genitourinary system (0.38 billion euro), and neoplasms (0.35 billion euro). At the same time, in men, compared to women, we observed higher losses due to injuries and poisoning (1.65 billion euro), and diseases of musculoskeletal (1.26 billion euro), nervous (0.79 billion euro), circulatory (0.65 billion euro), and digestive (0.41 billion euro) systems. Conclusions Improvement and further development of effective strategies for prevention of complications of pregnancy and chronic diseases in the workplace are necessary. Policies aimed at reduction of sickness absence could potentially increase prosperity and the socioeconomic situation in Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):917–932
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Air pollution and semen parameters in men seeking fertility treatment for the first time

76%
Wdowiak A., Wdowiak E., Bień A., Bojar I., Iwanowicz-Palus G., Raczkiewicz D.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2019
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vol. 32
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issue 3
387-399
EN
Objectives The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationship between the selected chemical air pollutants found in the Lublin Province and the semen parameters of men seeking fertility treatment for the first time. Material and Methods The study involved an analysis of semen sample test results obtained from male patients first reporting for fertility treatment in reproductive health centers in the Lublin Province, Poland. The data set comprises semen parameters of 13 148 men, and the number of samples in the reference period was 255–769 annually. Data on air pollution were obtained from the website of the Polish General Environmental Inspectorate and included selected chemical air pollutant levels, i.e., NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and PM₁₀. Results The mean PM₁₀ levels in the air increased, on average, by 0.65 μg/m₃ annually in 2000–2015 (p = 0.029); the mean levels of O₃, NO₂, SO₂ did not change significantly in the analyzed period. There were increasing trends in the mean sperm density and total sperm count of the subjects in 1992–2015 (p < 0.001). The mean percentage of sperm with normal morphology significantly decreased in the subsequent analysis periods: 1992–1998 (p = 0.001); 1999–2009 (p < 0.001); 2010–2015 (p = 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between the ozone levels in the air in the Lublin Province and the percentage of sperm with normal morphology (r = –0.8311, p = 0.040). Conclusions Exposure to ozone in the air contributes to decreased percentages of sperm with normal sperm morphology. Over the years, there was an increasing trend in sperm density in the men first reporting for fertility treatment, and a decreasing trend in the percentage of sperm with normal morphology. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):387–99
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