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EN
In the autumn of 1878, nearly 300 of the north Cheyennes, under the leadership of Little Wolf and Dull Knife, decided to escape from the nightmarish reservation in Oklahoma and to return to their homeland in Yellowstone (Wyoming). They had to march almost 2,000 kilometres to return to their beautiful country. But it was to be a road through hell. Especially for the part where Dull Knife tried to shelter from the severe winter at Fort Robinson, where the Indians of the group were slaughtered. This essay presents four works describing the dramatic and tragic moment of the history of this beautiful and proud tribe of Cheyennes: a famous historical account by Dee Brown, a historian and writer who has been interested in the fate of American Natives for nearly his whole life (Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee , 1970), the novel The Last Frontier (1941) written by the leftist writer, Howard Fast, a documentary novel by Mari Sandoz titled The Cheyenne Autumn and the famous movie under the same title by John Ford (1964).
PL
Wszyscy znawcy zachodniej literatury amerykańskiej i kina zachodniego wiedzą, że amerykański pisarz – Robert Montgomery Bird – stał się sławny, między innymi, dzięki pełnym nienawiści, a nawet rasizmu, przedstawieniom rdzennych Amerykanów w swoich dziełach. Z tej strony znana jest jego powieść Nick of the Woods (1837). Jeśli chodzi o polskich czytelników powieści o Dzikim Zachodzie, mogą czuć się oni nieco zdezorientowani, gdy słyszą lub czytają, że Bird był „indianożercą”, ponieważ jego najsłynniejsze dzieło, tj. Nick of the Woods, przetłumaczone na język polski przez Władysława Ludwika Anczyca w 1872 r. (Duch Puszczy), nie przedstawia amerykańskich Indian jako potworów. W niektórych częściach tłumaczenia – całkiem przeciwnie. Przyczyna tkwi w tym, że dzieło Anczyca stanowi adaptację powieści Birda. Polski pisarz interpretował powieść Nick of the Woods w czasach, gdy Polacy łatwo identyfikowali swój los podbitego narodu ze stanem rdzennych Amerykanów. W pierwszej części artykułu S. Bobowskiego i P. Perlińskiego czytelnik znajdzie prezentację sposobu przedstawiania Indian przez Anczyca, w drugiej zaś – sposoby, w jaki czyni to Bird, oraz przyczyny jego stosunku do rdzennych mieszkańców Ameryki.
EN
All connoisseurs of western American literature and western cinema know that American writer – Robert Montgomery Bird – got famous because of, among other things, full of hatred and even racism portraying Native Americans in his works. From this side his novel Nick of the Woods (1837) is well known. As far as Polish readers of novels of the wild West are concerned, they can feel a bit confused when they hear or read that Bird was such an “Indian-eater”, because his most famous work, i.e. Nick of the Woods, translated into Polish by Władysław Ludwik Anczyc in 1872 (Duch Puszczy), does not present American Indians as monsters. In some parts of the translation – quite oppositely. The point is that the Anczyc’s work is just an adaptation of Bird’s novel. Polish writer was interpreting Nick of the Woods in the times when the Poles easy identified their fate of the conquered nation with the condition of Native Americans. In the first part of the article by S. Bobowski and P. Perlinski a reader will find the presentation of Anczyc’s way of portraying Indians, and in the second – the way of Bird’s with explaining the causes of his attitude towards the American Natives.
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