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Sociologická kritika filosofické estetiky

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Zahrádka P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 3
349-370
EN
The aim of the text is to reconstruct and critically consider, on the basis of the findings of sociologists of culture (above all Pierre Bourdieu), the fundamental objections to philosophical aesthetics – aesthetic historicism and aesthetic scepticism. Aesthetic historicism confronts philosophical aesthetics at the methodological level by questioning the possibility of defining the concept of the aesthetic independently of a historically-conditioned aesthetic theory, or rather of normative decisions to be treated as a relevant part of aesthetic experience. Aesthetic scepticism calls into doubt the traditional conception of the autonomy of aesthetic values and of the objectivity of aesthetic evaluation. This position is elaborated in the text by reference to the example of the sociological critique of the opinions of the analytical aesthetician Frank Sibley on the logico-semantic status of aesthetic concepts. The concluding part of the text discusses the consequences that follow from the sociological critique for aesthe­tic axiology and for art criticism.
CS
Cílem textu je na základě poznatků a zjištění sociologů kultury (převážně Pierra Bourdieuho) rekonstruovat a kriticky promyslet základní výhrady vůči filosofické estetice: estetický historismus a estetický skepticismus. Estetický historismus konfrontuje filosofickou estetiku na metodologické rovině, protože zpochybňuje možnost vymezit pojem estetična nezávisle na historicky podmíněné estetické teorii, resp. normativních rozhodnutích, co budeme pokládat za relevantní součást estetické zkušenosti. Estetický skepticismus uvádí v pochybnost tradiční představu o autonomii estetické hodnoty a objektivitě estetického hodnocení. Tato pozice je v textu rozpracována na příkladu sociologické kritiky názorů analytického estetika Franka Sibleyho na logicko-sémantický status estetických pojmů. V závěrečné části textu jsou pojednány důsledky, jež ze sociologické kritiky vyplývají pro estetickou axiologii a uměleckou kritiku.
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Evaluating Food and Beverage Experience: Paradoxes of the Normativity

100%
Zahrádka P.
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
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2020
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vol. 4
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issue 3
99-112
EN
This article is concerned with an analysis of semantics and the normativity of evaluative judgments, in which “aesthetic concepts” and “predicates of personal taste” are used in the context of the evaluation of selected cultural forms (foods and beverages). Qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with representatives in four categories of actors in the cultural field (non-experts, fans, makers, and professional critics) are analyzed. In the light of the findings, theories of aesthetic judgment are critically assessed, which on the one hand, postulate the categorical semantic and normative difference between aesthetic concepts and predicates of personal taste and, on the other hand, conceive aesthetic disputes from an epistemological point of view and do not sufficiently take into account their pragmatic context. In conclusion, a functional analysis of the semantics and normativity of evaluative judgments is presented, in which the speakers use terms from the field of aesthetics.
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