Tekst jest próbą skonfrontowania tezy o tzw. „apolityczności” władzy sądowniczej z politologiczną analizą jej funkcjonowania jako instytucji systemu politycznego. Podstawą przeprowadzonej analizy jest ukazanie politycznej wielowymiarowości judykatywy z jednoczesnym ukazaniem odrębności jakie odróżniają ją od legislatywy i egzekutywy. W dalszej kolejności omówione jest zjawisko judykalizacji polityki czyli zwiększania zakresu wpływu orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych na polityczny proces decyzyjny oraz jego konsekwencje dla funkcjonowania demokratycznych systemów politycznych. W jego ramach zaakcentowana została tzw. polityczność bezpośrednia i pośrednia, będące efektem złożonych relacji łączących władzę sądowniczą z pozostałymi organami władzy państwowej.
EN
The text aims at juxtaposing the thesis of the so-called “apoliticality” of the judiciary with the political-scientific analysis of its functioning as an institution of a political system. At the outset, the analysis is focused on demonstrating the multidimensionality of the judiciary, highlighting at the same time the features distinguishing it from the legislature and the executive. Further on, the phenomenon of judicialization of politics is elucidated. Judicialization is viewed as increased influence that the jurisdiction of the common courts exerts on the political decisionmaking process and its ramifications for the functioning of democratic political systems. The analysis encompasses deliberations on the so-called direct and indirect politicality understood as the off shoot of complex relations established between the judiciary and the remaining bodies of state authority.
The article concerns the analysis of mechanisms of functioning of the party system and political market. The main problem, which is analyzed in the text, is the answer to the question to what extent the parties’ relationships are dependent on market factors, and to what extent they are autonomous and independent from the processes taking place in the market. Market factors are: the level of the political awareness of electors, their loyalty and the stability of election behaviours as well as character of media particularly their programme and political profile. However amongst factors from beyond market, the author focuses on the political tradition, the ideological identification of the party and the attitude of parties’ leaders.
Presidential elections causes, that political parties are bound to decide many strategic dilemmas. These dilemmas relates to answer to following question – which political aims, except electoral victory, wants to be reached by party? If the party should put up its own candidate for the election? Who should be this candidate? How to make this choice? However after the tragic death of polish president L. Kaczyński, which caused necessary and extraordinary presidential election in Poland, the dilemmas mentioned above came into special and difficult prominence and clearly showed the essential characteristics of Polish political parties.
Analysis of dimensions of enforcing the responsibility of judges is a subject of the present article in the era of deepening of process judicialization of politics. In the author’s opinion judicialization of politics is indicating the process, in which meaning of courts is growing as organs settling political disputes. This phenomenon is changing the way of understanding the independence of judges and is shedding new light for enforcing their responsibility.
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