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PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia rozumienia pojęcia równości, zarówno w doktrynie, jak i w wybranym orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego ukształtowanym na przestrzeni całego okresu orzekania. W opracowaniu wyjaśnione zostały termin oraz znaczenie zasady równości, jej zakres podmiotowy, kwestia relacji między zasadą równości a innymi wybranymi zasadami konstytucyjnymi, oraz kryteria uzasadniające odstąpienie od zasady równości. Rozważania dotyczące zasady równości autor artykułu odnosi do kwestii dotyczących stosunków pracy oraz sfery zatrudnienia. Problematykę zasady równości w dziedzinie prawa pracy przedstawiono poprzez przykłady zaczerpnięte z orzeczeń Trybunału Konstytucyjnego i na tym gruncie rozważano czy zróżnicowanie sytuacji pracowników nie jest oparte na kryteriach dowolnych i niezasadnych, a tym samym czy nie doszło do naruszenia zasady równości.
EN
The present article is an attempt to describe understanding the concept of equality, both in doctrine, and in the chosen previous judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal formed over a distance area of entire period of stating. In the study a date and meaning of the basis of equality, its subjective scope, the issue of the relation between the basis of equality and other chosen constitutional principles, and criteria justifying the departure from the basis of equality were clarified. The author of the article is relating deliberations concerning the basis of equality to the issue of employments and the sphere of the employment. Issues of the basis of equality were presented in the field of the labor law through examples taken from the Constitutional Tribunal rulings and on this land they were considering whether a diversifying the situation of employees wasn’t based on any and groundless criteria, and hence whether it didn’t reach the breach of the principle of equality.
2
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WYBRANE PRONATALISTYCZNE INSTRUMENTY POLITYKI RODZINNEJ

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EN
Total fertility rate in Poland has been below replacement level since 1990. The paper presents selected pro-natalist instruments of family policy, introduced in the last five years: maternity, paternity and parental leave, services for children under three, large family card, parental benefit and financial aid for families which raise children up to the age of 18. The author presents the number of completed services in voivodeships and compares them with the relevant statistics and the total fertility rate.
PL
Od 1990 roku do chwili obecnej współczynnik dziet­ności w Polsce przyjmuje wartości poniżej progu reprodukcji ludności. Artykuł przedstawia wybrane instrumenty polityki rodzinnej, wprowadzone w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat, mające służyć wzrostowi demograficznemu. Są to: urlop macierzyński, ojcowski i rodzicielski, instytucje opieki nad dziećmi do lat 3, Karta Dużej Rodziny, świadczenia rodzicielskie i świadczenie wychowawcze. W tekście zostały porównane dane liczbowe dotyczące zrealizowanych świadczeń z odpowiednimi danymi statystycznymi i współczynnikami dzietności w poszczególnych województwach.
EN
Being a reflective teacher is a highly appreciated quality of a good teacher. Reflection is considered to be essential in the job of teaching since it prompts to modify and improve the process of teaching and learning. As experts suggest reflective skills can be practiced and developed due to various teacher education models, programs and techniques. One of the techniques is a teacher portfolio that can consist of many tasks provoking teachers and teacher-trainees to reflect on their teaching. This article presents some research on the content of English teacher-trainees’ reflection and their metareflection. The research outcome provides some knowledge of what they reflect upon, if they do at all, and whether they perceive reflection as valuable in the process of learning teaching.
EN
The issue of age, especially with regard to employment relationships, is related to the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination that has been set forth in numerous acts of international law, conventions of the Council of Europe and the European Union law. In the Polish law, this principle is expressed in Articles 32 and 33 of the Constitution. However, both Community and national regulations provide for exceptions to this rule, related, for example, to the maximum age at which certain professions can be practised, sometimes below the commonly binding retirement age. These exceptions are permitted when physical and mental fitness is necessary to do a given job. The article presents permissible forms of different treatment of employees because of their age. The author focuses on an analysis of cases when age is, in accordance with the law, the basis to end an employment relationship and to lose a licence to practise a profession. The article also presents legal regulations that provide for age limits for practising certain professions, and indicates the reasons for such regulations.
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