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EN
Culture is one of the most essential development factors influencing the quality of life and social advancement. Financing of cultural institutions from public funds aims at propagation of culture, supporting artists and artistic work, as well as national heritage. The group of entities involved in cultural activities include numerous public institutions, non-governmental organisations and private individuals. Local government units play a key role in this field. The paper seeks to examine the importance of city budget grants for the existence of theatres. The adopted theory that the city budget grant is significant for the functioning of theatres was confirmed by the analysis of the revenues of Bielsko-Biała theatres, however the share of local government subsidies in total revenues of theatre institutions seems to be on the decrease.
EN
The third sector consists of social, private and non-profit organizations. Most of non-governmental organizations carry out socially useful tasks. Those organizations have different organizational and legal forms and different scopes and ways of activities. The aim of the paper is to show different sources of financing of NGOs` activities.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono funkcjonowanie budżetu partycypacyjnego w Polsce na przykładzie powiatów grodzkich województwa śląskiego. Czy budżet partycypacyjny przyczynia się do rozwoju lokalnego? Krótki okres funkcjonowania budżetu obywatelskiego w Polsce nie daje odpowiedzi na to pytanie, ale autorzy podjęli próbę porównania priorytetów strategii rozwoju 19 powiatów grodzkich województwa śląskiego z projektami objętymi finansowaniem w ramach budżetów obywatelskich tych miast.
EN
The paper presents the functioning of participatory budgeting in Poland on the example of townships of the Silesian province. It also asks a question whether the participatory budget contributes to local development. Relatively short period of functioning of Polish civil budget does not provide the answer to this question, but the authors have tried to compare strategic priorities of development in 19 Silesian townships with projects to be financed within the participatory budgets of these cities.
EN
The aim of this study is the presentation of a direct foreign investment scale in Visegrad Countries in 2011-2014 based on an analysis of the statistical data from the available domestic and foreign sources and the literature research. It is necessary to answer the question if the Visegrad countries use appropriate factors which stimulate the expansion and what barriers cause that those investments increase very slowly. The process of integration with the EU and the creation of an association that supports common business of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary were aimed at strengthening of the economic cooperation among them, including the investment development. Indeed, there has been a considerable increase in foreign investment, but the capital flow among the member countries was and still is relatively small. The Visegrad countries should take advantage of the geographical proximity, cultural similarities and common interests to accelerate the economic development through the mutual economic cooperation.
EN
The significant elements in the structure of expenditures of local government units (LGUs) are expenditures in the section "Public administration" covering, among others, expenditure on remuneration and derivatives of remuneration. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a pilot study on the administrative costs of local government units. The survey took place in September 2017 and covered one hundred local government units at the basic level, including five cities with district rights. In the units surveyed, the share of administrative costs in total expenditure is diversified, but the lowest occurs in cities with district rights
PL
Kryzys finansowy, którego doświadczyliśmy, stał się powodem niewypłacalności wielu podmiotów – osób fizycznych, przedsiębiorstw, banków, a nawet państw. Wpłynął on na sferę realną gospodarki poprzez kanały finansowania, bowiem brak płynności na rynku finansowym doprowadził do zaostrzenia procedur kredytowych i wzrostu ceny kredytów. To z kolei wpłynęło na spadek popytu na pieniądz i narastanie trudności płatniczych. Zauważyć można, iż pewne elementy polityki kredytowej zmieniają się wraz ze stanem gospodarki i sytuacji rynkowej, wpływając na zachowania kredytobiorców – spadek lub wzrost popytu na kredyty. Celem poniższej publikacji jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile popyt na kredyty zależy od postaw samych przedsiębiorców i dlaczego nie wszystkie podmioty gospodarcze są zainteresowane zaciąganiem kredytów, mimo iż spełniają wymogi stawiane przez bank kredytobiorcom.
EN
Last financial crisis caused insolvency of many entities: natural persons, companies, banks and even whole states. The crisis had a serious impact on the real sphere of the economy through channels of financing because the lack of liquidity on the financial market meant stricter credit procedures and more expenisve loans. This, in turn, brought about the fall in the demand for money and cumulation of payment difficulties. It maybe noticed that certain elements of credit policy change along the changing conditions of the economy and situation on the market, influencing the loan takers' behaviour - rise or fall in the demand for loans. The aim of the paper is an attempt to answer the question to what extent the demand for loans is shaped by the attitudes of the entrepreneurs themselves and why not all eceonomic entities are interested in taking out loans despite fulfilling the credit conditions of banks.
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