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Horyzonty Wychowania
|
2014
|
vol. 13
|
issue 26
231-248
EN
The entrepreneurial spirit is essential for innovation and competitiveness in the economy. A large role in shaping the entrepreneurial attitudes should be served by universities. Institutes of higher education not only transfer knowledge, but also stimulate, develop skills and characteristics commonly identified with entrepreneurship. They affect the increase in the number of new enterprises and their competitiveness and also the improvement of students / graduates’ situation on the labor market. Offering "Entrepreneurship" in a program of studies is a prerequisite, but it is necessary to undertake other activities which develop creativity, activity, motivation or risk-taking and responsibility. The entrepreneurial spirit is not only based on personality traits, but also behavior, attitudes, and motives that are taught and developed under the influence of external conditions. The purpose of this article is to examine the entrepreneurial spirit of a select group of students and to get to know their opinions and expectations regarding the impact of the university on inculcating an entrepreneurial spirit.
PL
Duch przedsiębiorczości ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla innowacyjności i konkurencyjności gospodarki. Dużą rolę w procesie kształtowania postaw przedsiębiorczych powinny odgrywać uczelnie wyższe. Stoją przed nimi wyzwania nie tylko przekazywania wiedzy, ale również pobudzania, doskonalenia umiejętności i rozwoju cech powszechnie utożsamianych z przedsiębiorczością. Ujęcie w programie studiów przedmiotu „Przedsiębiorczość” stanowi swego rodzaju podstawę, ale niezbędne są też inne działania rozwijające kreatywność, aktywność, motywację czy podejmowanie ryzyka i odpowiedzialność. Duch przedsiębiorczości to nie tylko cechy osobowości sprzyjające przedsiębiorczości, ale także zachowania, postawy i motywy, które są kształcone i rozwijane pod wpływem uwarunkowań zewnętrznych. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie ducha przedsiębiorczości wybranej grupy studentów oraz poznanie ich opinii i oczekiwań co do wpływu uczelni na jego rozbudzanie. 
EN
City tourism belongs to the strongest trends in the international tourism market, which is especially the case in Europe, where eight out of twenty largest city destinations are located. Faced with growing competition these urban destinations have, however, to look for new marketing solutions to strengthen their position and attractiveness for potential visitors. One of them is a destination card which integrates a variety of tourism services provided by several operators at a discounted inclusive price. Therefore, it offers visitors an advantage by bundling the products and services available without the need for booking and buying in advance. By doing so, the card also fosters higher participation in cultural activities and public transport usage and offers additional benefits for the city which can include spreading the tourist traffic throughout the city or attracting visitors to lesser known sites. Additionally, the destination card system can also provide data concerning tourist flows and allows to adapt the offer better to their specific needs. The purpose of this paper is therefore to work out the model of a city destination card for a large city. In order to achieve this objective, the top five European capital cities were selected based on the number of visitors. Subsequently, the comparative study – developed on the secondary analysis of data – of tourist cards offered in London, Paris, Rome, Prague and Vienna has been conducted. Based on the study and referring to the literature, the final results were formulated concerning the typical structure of a card and its additional elements, followed by the validity period solutions and their price. Satisfied customers highlight that the offered card combines everything needed for the tourist stay, as in their opinion, cards tend to be a very easy, convenient and simple way of sightseeing the city with benefits such as saving money and time. They also recommend longer periods of card validity. The value of the destination card as a marketing tool for a city has also been proven based on the appraisal of customers opinions.
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