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Can Cognitive Science of Religion Explain Religion Away?

100%
Szocik K.
Filozofia Nauki
|
2016
|
vol. 24
|
issue 2
119-132
PL
Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) explains the origin, transmission, and nature of religious beliefs by means of cognitive mechanisms. It seems that this approach avoids some important contexts of religious beliefs and does not explain the role that these beliefs may play. This paper underlines potential explanatory weak points of CSR and suggests to extend this approach so that it includes questions of consciousness, as well as psychological and social usefulness of religious beliefs.
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Wpływ religii na kulturę. Współczesne argumenty zwolenników sekularyzacji

100%
Szocik K.
Kultura i Wartości
|
2012
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issue 3
79-94
EN
This article deals with the main ideas of adherents to secularization, underlying the necessity for a separation between public and religious institutions. Religion is understood only as a private matter, pertaining to the spiritual life of its believers. Arguments for the public marginalization of religion refer to a lack of biblical legitimization for the church as an institution and the possibly negative consequences that are generated by religious ethics. Another matter is weltanschaulich, the neutrality of the state. Adherents to this neutrality speak about cultural and religious pluralism and the specific character of positive religions, which are not intersubjective.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje podstawowe idee zwolenników sekularyzacji, podkreślających konieczność oddzielenia instytucji publicznych i religijnych. Religia jest rozumiana jako sprawa prywatna, ukierunkowana na duchowe życie swoich wyznawców. Podstawowymi argumentami na rzecz publicznej marginalizacji religii są brak biblijnej legitymizacji dla istnienia i funkcjonowania instytucji Kościoła oraz potencjalne negatywne implikacje etyki religijnej. Zwolennicy neutralności światopoglądowej wskazują na faktyczny pluralizm światopoglądowy oraz specyficzny charakter religii pozytywnych, pozbawionych intersubiektywnego charakteru.
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Radykalna krytyka Kościoła w filozofii Hegla jako wyraz obrony etycznej i intelektualnej autonomii jednostki

100%
Szocik K.
Nowa Krytyka
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2012
|
issue 29
229-245
EN
Hegel in Early Theological Writings is radical critic of religion and the church. This idea is characteristic for radical critique of religion, in European thought has been elaborating in 17 and 18 Century and Enlightenment. Hegelian proposition is back to religion of nature, which is compatible with individual and national character, culture and tradition. Hegelian critique of religion shows protestant Weltanschauung, deleting validity and necessity of institutional mediation between believer and God.
4

Reliability and Adaptability of Religious Beliefs in the Light of Cognitive Science of Religion

100%
Szocik K.
Studia Humana
|
2016
|
vol. 5
|
issue 4
64-73
EN
Cognitive approach towards the study of religion is a good and promising way. However, I think that this approach is too narrow and it would be better to use some basic concepts of CSR as a starting point for further, not cognitive explanation of religious. I suppose that religious beliefs should be explained also by their pragmatic functions because they were probably always associated with some pragmatic purposes at the group or at the individual levels. To develop further this last approach, the good explanatory way is the evolutionary study of religion.
5

Wars and Conflicts are Only Randomly Connected with Religion and Religious Beliefs. An Outline of Historical, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Approach

100%
Szocik K.
Studia Humana
|
2016
|
vol. 5
|
issue 2
37-46
EN
Many scholars that study of religion and religious beliefs find that they affect behavioral patterns. Some of them suggest that this impact is morally wrong because religion and religious beliefs can cause aggression, conflicts, and wars. However, it seems that this topic is more complicated and complex. Here I show that religion and religious beliefs can affect mentioned above morally wrong patterns only in some particular cases. Usually they do not do it. Here I show an outline of philosophical historical approach that was critically oriented against religion and that accused it about conflicts and wars. Then I briefly discuss two current scientific research approaches to the study of religion, cognitive and evolutionary. They falsify these critically oriented philosophers because they treat connection between religious beliefs and conflicts as random and necessary. The core idea of this paper assumes that religious beliefs do not affect aggression and wars directly. They can sometimes strengthen or weaken some biological mechanisms that then can be used to compete by conflicts or by not-violent inter-group competition.
6

Antropocentryczna filozofia Jana Pawła II

100%
Szocik K.
Slavia Occidentalis
|
2013
|
issue 70/2
115-131
PL
This paper analyzes the metaphysical basis of John Paul II’s philosophy that made possible the propagation of the ideas of unity and ecumenism, and the underlying importance of individuality. Developed by The Second Vatican Council “the contemporizing” of the Church’s position, required a rejection of thomistic, real metaphysics, the ontological concept of truth, the truth of a single religion or a real model of human cognition. This paper underlines the acceptance of the secularized world’s ideas and their influence on changes in Church teachingduring John Paul II’s pontificate.
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Panteizm i ateizm Johanna Wolfganga Goethego. Istotny wkład w rozwój europejskiej kultury filozoficznej od teizmu do ateizmu

100%
Szocik K.
Slavia Occidentalis
|
2011
|
issue 68
23-29
PL
The text is an attempt to define religious and theological views of Goethe. The author’s reflections focus on Goethe’s poem “Prometheus” in which the poet polemises with the Christian idea of God. The poem outlines the anthropological genesis of religion and the concept of God. The inspiration for Goethe’s philosophical considerations was nature seen as God’s realm, the rejection of the belief that God is a transcendental being, and, consequently, the rejection of the anthropological concept deifying man. Goethe’s thought reflects a modern, European perspective concentrated on the world and man, abandoning all ideological restraints.
8
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Hegel jako oświeceniowy krytyk religii pozytywnych. „Pozytywność religii chrześcijańskiej” a zakwestionowanie wartości religii objawionej

100%
Szocik K.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2013
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vol. 23
|
issue 4
1-12
EN
Hegel had radically criticized positive religion. Its comparison with natural religions showed abstract and transcendent understanding Divinity and its concentration on rites and rituals. Hegel underlined ethical implications of positive religion, searching for negative influence of religion on individual and social life. Hegel’s critique is important moment of progress of critical, modern philosophical thought.
9

Research Approaches in the Study of Religion

100%
Szocik K.
Studia Humana
|
2015
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vol. 4
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issue 1
26-35
EN
Despite development of secular ideas and concepts in the Western world, we can observe increasing interest in the study of religion. However, this popularity of the study of religion and different research approaches has caused that in some sense scholars that were studying religion came to a dead point. Here I show that the most optimal research approach in the study of religion is pluralistic, integral paradigm which connects old traditional methods with naturalistic, cognitive and sometimes experimental approach.
10
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A Critique of the Moral Optimism of Sam Harris. Polemical Comments

100%
Szocik K.
Studia Religiologica
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2014
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vol. 47
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issue 4
PL
Sam Harris, one of the new atheists, believes that science is an authority in moral issues. Science can help us understand what our moral duties are, and what is right and wrong in a moral sense. However, the cultural and historical diversity of human behaviors, especially history of wars and conflicts, suggests that it is difficult to show one, common and universal kind of morality. Here we show that Harris’s moral theory is a particular project which could not be “scientifically” justifiable.
11
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The impact of religion on the evolution of cooperation and conflicts

100%
Szocik K.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
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2016
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vol. 41
177-188
EN
Religion and religious beliefs have continued to play an important role in the evolution of the ability to cooperate at the level of large groups. It seems that natural selection favours selfishness rather than cooperative tendencies. Therefore, we suggest that cultural selection was necessary for the evolution of pro-social forms of behaviour. Cooperation is connected with conflicts, which are used to develop in-group cooperation. Here I show the possible impact of religion and religious beliefs on the development of an ability to cooperate, and to generate conflicts which are strictly connected with the possibility of in-group cooperation.
12

Poland: A Dark Side of Church Cultural Policy

63%
Szocik K., Szyja A.
Studia Humana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 4
13-22
EN
The cultural policy of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland is incorporated into state-run cultural policies. The organs of public authority enforce the objectives of Church regardless of Church’s actual ability to influence the society. It should be pointed out that the secularization of religion in Poland is frequently misinterpreted and usually equated with its deprivatization. It is worth mentioning that Catholicism is the dominant religion of the country and the Roman Catholic Church has hold a special position in Poland and play a major role in the country’s social and political life. In practice, however, Polish society appears to be religiously indifferent. This paper proves that the official, state-run cultural policy in Poland is based on favoritism of the Roman Catholic Church, regardless of Church’s actual ability to wield influence on society. Thus, there is a variety of implicit and explicit cultural policies implemented by the authorities to support Church. This work also aims at addressing the question of social attitudes to women, especially the one concerning the UN and EU law embracing women’s rights, until recently still not implemented in Poland. This paper further explores some peculiarities of this topic as an example of a specific outcome of Church cultural policy and its impact on both the past and present-day society.
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Bezpieczeństwo ludzkości w przyszłości

39%
Szocik K., Lysenko-Ryba K., Minich D., Kędzior A., Banaś S., Mazur S.
Studia Politologiczne
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2017
|
vol. 45
195-214
EN
In our paper we consider two questions. In the first part, we discuss some philosophical and legal contexts of security. In the second part, we analyze three topics like health policy, migration, and security of supply chain. We argue these three topicswill constitute? key challenges to the guaranteeing of the global security.
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