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Norma językowa w polszczyźnie historycznej

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PL
W artykule przedstawiono dwa podejścia do normy językowej – w odniesieniu do polszczyzny nam współczesnej oraz do języka doby renesansu. Wiedzę poprawnościową dotyczącą języka, którym się na co dzień posługujemy, czerpiemy z licznych prac o charakterze normatywnym oraz własnego wyczucia językowego. W odniesieniu do polszczyzny historycznej brakuje nam takiej właśnie intuicji, nie dysponujemy też odpowiednimi poradnikami poprawnościowymi dotyczącymi języka okresu nas interesującego. Wśród tekstów z XVI wieku znajdziemy jednak nieliczne sądy na temat ówczesnej poprawności językowej. Pewne wnioski okazują się zaskakująco bliskie tym nam współczesnym.
EN
The paper presents two approaches to language norm with reference to contemporary Polish and the Polish of the Renaissance era. As for the language we use every day, we draw our knowledge of language correctness from plentiful normative works and from our own linguistic intuition. But as far as historical Polish is concerned, we do not have such linguistic intuition, and no proper language correctness handbooks concerning the language that was spoken in the period under discussion are available. Nevertheless, a few judgements on language correctness in 16th-century texts can be found. Some conclusions turn out to be surprisingly similar to those that can be drawn with respect to the language of our time.
EN
The paper discusses how the knowledge of historical linguistics can contribute to appropriate understanding and interpreting of old texts. Selected examples serve to demonstrate that a detailed linguistic analysis can help to both appropriately decode particular words with their semantic and grammatical features, and to understand the text itself. However, a comprehensive linguistic analysis of an old text is effective only when the researcher examines the original text or its duly prepared transliteration as it enables them to draw certain conclusions, for example on the basis of vowel articulation. The paper also emphasises the necessity to refer to extralinguistic knowledge of broadly understood history of language or to history in general. Thus, it is useful to be acquainted with old manuscript and editing techniques applied in particular printing houses, and to be able to conduct a comparative analysis of original texts and their translation or a lexicographic analysis, and to refer to general cultural background.
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